Threat webs: Reframing the co-occurrence and interactions of threats to biodiversity
Threat webs: Reframing the co-occurrence and interactions of threats to biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13427
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Tulloch, Ayesha I. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geary, William L.;Nimmo, Dale G.;Tulloch, Ayesha I. T.
威胁过程之间的相互作用及其对生物多样性的影响是生态研究和管理的一个主要焦点。当威胁或其影响在空间和时间上同时发生时，就会出现威胁相互作用。威胁之间的关联是巧合还是因果关系尚不清楚，但对如何、何时和何地管理威胁具有根本影响。我们建议，研究威胁共现，辅以实验和证据三角测量，可以帮助确定何时何地威胁相互作用的因果关系，通知紧迫的生物多样性管理目标。通过案例研究，我们展示了如何将共同发生和相互作用的威胁可视化为网络（威胁网络），以及如何在地方，区域和全球范围内指导保护措施。合成与应用。认识到威胁共同发生并作为网络相互作用，并可能由多种因素（例如其他威胁，共同的环境驱动因素）驱动，有助于我们了解其动态和对生态系统的影响。这种更深入的了解有助于促进更有针对性、更高效和更有效的环境管理。
Interactions between threatening processes and their effects on biodiversity are a major focus of ecological research and management. Threat interactions arise when threats or their effects co-occur spatially and temporally. Whether the associations between threats are coincidental or causally linked is poorly understood, but has fundamental impacts on how, when and where threats should be managed. We propose that examining threat co-occurrence, supplemented by experiments and triangulation of evidence, can help identify when and where threats interact causally, informing pressing biodiversity management goals. Using case studies, we demonstrate how co-occurring and interacting threats can be visualized as networks (threat webs) and how this could guide conservation interventions at local, regional and global scales. Synthesis and applications. Recognizing that threats co-occur and interact as networks, and are potentially driven by multiple agents (e.g. other threats, shared environmental drivers), helps us understand their dynamics and impacts on ecosystems. This greater understanding can help facilitate more targeted, efficient and effective environmental management.