Environmental enrichment, exercise and corticosterone affect endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
Environmental enrichment, exercise and corticosterone affect endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.085
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发表时间：
2008-09-19
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tingstrom, Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ekstrand, Joakim;Hellsten, Johan;Tingstrom, Anders
压力和环境丰富对脑细胞可塑性有相反的影响。压力引起的神经元和神经胶质可塑性紊乱与情感障碍的病理生理学有关。抑郁症患者通常会表现出特定大脑区域的体积减少。这些变化背后的机制尚不清楚，但动物研究表明，糖皮质激素和压力水平的增加会对神经元和神经胶质细胞群产生负面影响。相反，丰富的环境和身体活动有积极的影响。在这项研究中，我们研究了皮质酮 (CORT)、环境丰富 (EE) 和跑步对海马和前额皮质 (PFC) 血管生成的影响。我们证明了 CORT 治疗大鼠这些大脑区域内皮细胞增殖的显着抑制。环境富集则产生相反的效果，刺激海马和前额皮质的内皮细胞增殖。跑步对海马体有刺激作用，但对前额叶皮层没有刺激作用。我们认为，本研究中证明的 CORT 的血管抑制作用可能与长期暴露于高水平应激激素的人类受试者相似。抑郁症或老年患者皮质醇水平升高可能会通过减少内皮细胞形成/更新而导致血管床稀疏和老化，从而导致神经元功能受损。人们很容易推测，身体和智力活跃的生活可以预防压力引起的血管变化。因此，同样针对脑血管系统的治疗药物可能成为对抗压力相关疾病的新工具。 (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Stress and environmental enrichment have opposing effects on cerebral cellular plasticity. Stress-induced disturbances in neuronal and glial plasticity have been implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Patients with depression often show volume reductions in specific brain regions. The mechanisms behind these changes are not well understood, but animal studies have indicated that increased levels of glucocorticoids and stress have negative impact on the neuronal and glial cell populations. On the contrary, enriched environment and physical activity have positive effects. In this study we have examined the effect of corticosterone (CORT), environmental enrichment (EE) and running on angiogenesis in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We demonstrate a dramatic inhibition in endothelial cell proliferation in these brain regions in CORT-treated rats. Environmental enrichment had the opposite effect and stimulated endothelial cell proliferation both in the hippocampus and in the PFC. Running had a stimulatory effect in hippocampus, but not in the PFC. We suggest that the angiostatic effect of CORT demonstrated in this study might be paralleled in human subjects exposed to high levels of stress hormones for prolonged periods of time. Raised cortisol levels in depressed or old patients could, by reducing endothelial cell formation/turnover, lead to rarefaction and aging of the vascular bed, and as a result, neuronal function could be impaired. It is tempting to speculate that a physically and intellectually active life may protect against stress-induced vascular changes. Therapeutic agents also targeting the cerebral vasculature could consequently constitute a new tool in the combat of stress-related disorders. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.