New and improved: the role of text augmentation and the application of response interpretation standards (coding schemes) in a final iteration of birth defects warnings development.
New and improved: the role of text augmentation and the application of response interpretation standards (coding schemes) in a final iteration of birth defects warnings development.
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新增和改进：文本增强的作用以及响应解释标准（编码方案）在出生缺陷警告开发的最终迭代中的应用。
DOI：
10.1002/bdra.20601
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Goldsworthy,RichardC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mayhorn,ChristopherB;Goldsworthy,RichardC
研究基础在早期研究中（Mayhorn和Goldsworthy，2007）被认为是最成功的几个出生缺陷警告符号被进一步修改，然后在全国分布的现场试验（n = 2773）中进行评估。目前研究的目的是确定是否可以进一步改进符号警告成分，增加文本是否能均匀地增强对符号的理解，以及结果是否因应用不同的解释标准而不同方法：共检查了11个警告标签：四个新符号加上现有基线符号，每个符号都有带文本和不带文本的版本，以及纯文本条件。在面对面的采访过程中评估了参与者的解释准确性和偏好。结果对于仅符号的条件，几个候选符号的表现优于现有符号，其中一个明显优于现有符号。在符号中添加文本的效果因符号而异。符号加文本和纯文本条件下执行等同，一般超过符号的条件，并经常超过美国国家标准协会基准的85%准确的interpretation.CONCLUSIONSThe研究工作已经确定了致畸剂的符号和警告，优于目前使用的。这项工作还确定了重要的实用和概念问题，应告知未来的工作，以改善药物标签和其他危害的沟通。出生缺陷研究（A部分），2009年。© 2009 Wiley利斯公司
BACKGROUNDSeveral birth defects warning symbols identified as most successful in an earlier study (Mayhorn and Goldsworthy, 2007) were further modified and then evaluated within a nationally distributed field trial (n = 2773). The purpose for the current research was to determine whether symbol warning components could be improved further, whether the addition of text enhanced comprehension uniformly across symbols, and whether results varied by the application of different interpretation standards (coding schemes).METHODA total of 11 warning labels were examined: four new symbols plus the existing baseline symbol, each in versions with and without text, plus a text‐only condition. Participant interpretation accuracy and preferences were assessed during face‐to‐face interview sessions.RESULTSFor symbol‐only conditions, several candidate symbols outperformed the existing symbol, one substantially so. The effect of adding text to symbols varied significantly by symbol. Symbol plus text and text‐only conditions performed equivalently, generally exceeded symbol‐only conditions, and often surpassed the American National Standards Institute benchmark of 85% accurate interpretation.CONCLUSIONSThe research effort has identified a teratogen symbol and warning that outperforms the one currently in use. The effort has also identified important pragmatic and conceptual issues that should inform future work to improve medication labeling and other hazard communication. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.