Disparities in cognitive functioning by race/ethnicity in the Baltimore Memory Study.
Disparities in cognitive functioning by race/ethnicity in the Baltimore Memory Study.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6727
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发表时间：
2004-03
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Bandeen-Roche K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwartz BS;Glass TA;Bolla KI;Stewart WF;Glass G;Rasmussen M;Bressler J;Shi W;Bandeen-Roche K
巴尔的摩记忆研究是一项队列研究，研究了在特定城市社区随机选择的50-70岁居民中认知能力下降的多层次决定因素。先前的研究表明，认知功能因种族/民族而异，少数民族的得分低于白人，但这些差异的潜在基础尚不清楚。研究在评估和控制诸如社会经济地位（SES）、健康相关行为、共病和物理环境因素等重要混杂变量的严格程度上存在差异。本研究的目的是描述神经行为测试分数的差异，种族/民族，前后控制的四维测量SES和健康相关的行为和健康状况，在一个横断面分析的首次访问数据。在研究地区的家庭随机抽样选择，直到达到入学目标。在确定合格性的2，351人中，60.8%计划进行入组访视;其中1，140人（81.3%）入组并接受检测。这些研究参与者中34.3%为男性，65.7%为女性，来自马里兰州的巴尔的摩的65个社区。在调整年龄，性别和测试技术人员后，按种族/民族划分的神经行为测试得分存在较大的统计学显著差异，非洲裔美国人的得分低于白人，男性和女性都是如此。在调整了个人社会经济地位（教育状况、家庭收入、家庭资产和职业状况）后，平均差异下降了25.8%。在对SES、健康相关行为和健康状况以及血铅进行额外调整后，平均差异又下降了10%，但大的差异仍然存在;在所有神经行为测试中，非裔美国人的测试分数平均比白人低0.43个标准差。这些差异存在于所有认知领域，包括不会被表征为易受种族/民族差异项目功能影响的测试，这表明结果不是由于种族/民族相关的测量误差。
The Baltimore Memory Study is a cohort study of the multilevel determinants of cognitive decline in 50-70-year-old randomly selected residents of specific city neighborhoods. Prior studies have demonstrated that cognitive function differs by race/ethnicity, with lower scores in minorities than in whites, but the underlying basis for these differences is not understood. Studies have differed in the rigor with which they evaluated and controlled for such important confounding variables as socioeconomic status (SES), health-related behaviors, comorbid illnesses, and factors in the physical environment. The goal of this study was to describe differences in neurobehavioral test scores by race/ethnicity, before and after control for a four-dimensional measure of SES and health-related behaviors and health conditions, in a cross-sectional analysis of first visit data. Random samples of households in the study area were selected until enrollment goals were reached. Among the 2,351 persons on whom eligibility was determined, 60.8% were scheduled for an enrollment visit; of these, 1,140 (81.3%) were enrolled and tested. These study participants were 34.3% male and 65.7% female and were from 65 Baltimore, Maryland, neighborhoods. After adjustment for age, sex, and testing technician, there were large and statistically significant differences in neurobehavioral test scores by race/ethnicity, with African-American scores lower than those for whites, for both men and women. After adjustment for individual SES (educational status, household income, household assets, and occupational status), the average difference declined by 25.8%. After additional adjustment for SES, health-related behaviors and health conditions, and blood lead, the average difference declined another 10%, but large differences persisted; African Americans had test scores that averaged 0.43 standard deviation lower than those for whites across all neurobehavioral tests. These differences were present in all cognitive domains, including tests that would not be characterized as susceptible to differential item functioning by race/ethnicity, suggesting that the results are not due to race/ethnicity-associated measurement error.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Glass, TA;DeLeon, CFM;Berkman, LF
通讯作者：
Berkman, LF
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Glass, TA
通讯作者：
Glass, TA
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Farmer, Mary E.;Kittner, Steven J.;Regier, Darrel A.
通讯作者：
Regier, Darrel A.
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
DEROGATIS, LR;RICKELS, K;ROCK, AF
通讯作者：
ROCK, AF
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Evans, DA;Beckett, LA;Mayeux, R
通讯作者：
Mayeux, R