Authors as citers over time
Authors as citers over time
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DOI：
10.1002/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999
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发表时间：
2001-01-15
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
White, HD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White, HD
这项研究探索了作者随着时间的推移在多部作品中背诵自己和他人的倾向，利用所获得的见解来建立引文理论。作者引用的所有作者的集合被定义为该作者的引用身份。这项研究解释了如何从科学信息研究所关于对话的文件中检索被引身份，以及如何处理这些文件的特殊性。随着作者的全部作品的增长，身份采取核心和分散分布的形式，可以分为只被引用一次(一次)的作者和被引用至少两次的作者(背诵)，后一组，特别是那些被引用最频繁的作者，可以被解释为城市的主要实质性问题的象征，正如八位信息科学家的顶级背诵所表明的那样，身份是可理解的，个性化的，范围广泛的，它们是以自我为中心的，而不是自我中心的。他们经常受到城里人和城里人之间的社会联系的影响，但普遍的动机似乎是城里人的作品被感知到的相关性。不同身份的引用风格不同：“科学论文式”作者大量背诵，增加核心；“书目-散文式”作者重单篇引用，增加分散性；“文献评论式”作者同时背诵和补充。身份提炼了城市人的智力生活的方方面面，如定位人物、跨学科兴趣、跨学科职业和在争议中的行为。它们也可能与过去将引文分为正面-负面和敷衍-有机等类别的方案有关；事实上，一位作者频繁背诵另一位作者，无论是正面的还是负面的，可能是它们之间有机联系的最新指标。姓名在身份中的核心和分散分布的形状可以用最少努力的原则来解释，Citers通过经常在他们的身份中只背诵相对较小的核心姓名来节省精力。他们还通过频繁使用敷衍了事的引用和不频繁的负面引用来节省开支，前者需要相对较少的上下文，而后者需要更费力的上下文设置。
This study explores the tendency of authors to recite themselves and others in multiple works over time, using the insights gained to build citation theory. The set of all authors whom an author cites is defined as that author's citation identity. The study explains how to retrieve citation identities from the Institute for Scientific Information's files on Dialog and how to deal with idiosyncrasies of these files, As the author's oeuvre grows, the identity takes the form of a core-and-scatter distribution that may be divided into authors cited only once (unicitations) and authors cited at least twice (recitations), The latter group, especially those recited most frequently, are interpretable as symbols of a citer's main substantive concerns, As illustrated by the top recitees of eight information scientists, identities are intelligible, individualized, and wide-ranging, They are ego-centered without being egotistical. They are often affected by social ties between citers and citees, but the universal motivator seems to be the perceived relevance of the citees' works. Citing styles in identities differ: "scientific-paper style" authors recite heavily, adding to core; "bibliographic-essay style" authors are heavy on unicitations, adding to scatter; "literature-review style" authors do both at once. Identities distill aspects of citers' intellectual lives, such as orienting figures, interdisciplinary interests, bidisciplinary careers, and conduct in controversies. They can also be related to past schemes for classifying citations in categories such as positive-negative and perfunctory-organic; indeed, one author's frequent recitation of another, whether positive or negative, may be the readiest indicator of an organic relation between them. The shape of the core-and-scatter distribution of names in identities can be explained by the principle of least effort, Citers economize on effort by frequently reciting only a relatively small core of names in their identities. They also economize by frequent use of perfunctory citations, which require relatively little context, and infrequent use of negative citations, which require contexts more laborious to set.