Gas Hydrate and Humans
Gas Hydrate and Humans
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06755.x
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发表时间：
2000-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
K. Kvenvolden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kvenvolden
摘要：天然气水合物对人类的潜在影响尚不确定，但在过去30年中已经获得了足够的信息，可以进行初步评估。三个主要问题是天然气水合物作为（1）潜在的能源，（2）全球气候变化的一个因素，（3）海底地质灾害。据估计，STP的甲烷含量在1015至1017 m3之间，全球范围内分布在海洋的外大陆边缘和极地地区是天然气水合物的重要特征。然而，它作为一种能源的直接开发是不可能的，因为在实现从水合物中经济地回收甲烷之前，必须解决各种地质限制和困难的技术问题。天然气水合物在全球气候变化中的作用是不确定的。要使水合物甲烷成为有效的温室气体，它必须到达大气层。然而，将甲烷从水合物转移到大气中存在许多障碍。天然气水合物分解的速率和甲烷在地质/水/大气中的释放和破坏的综合速率还没有得到充分的了解。然而，随着我们的工业社会在我们沿海海洋的沃茨更深处开采海底资源，天然气水合物作为一种海底地质灾害对人类的重要性越来越大。在天然气水合物发生区域的人类活动和设施必须考虑到天然气水合物的存在，并处理其存在的后果。
Abstract: The potential effects of naturally occurring gas hydrate on humans are not understood with certainty, but enough information has been acquired over the past 30 years to make preliminary assessments possible. Three major issues are gas hydrate as (1) a potential energy resource, (2) a factor in global climate change, and (3) a submarine geohazard. The methane content is estimated to be between 1015 to 1017 m3 at STP and the worldwide distribution in outer continental margins of oceans and in polar regions are significant features of gas hydrate. However, its immediate development as an energy resource is not likely because there are various geological constraints and difficult technological problems that must be solved before economic recovery of methane from hydrate can be achieved. The role of gas hydrate in global climate change is uncertain. For hydrate methane to be an effective greenhouse gas, it must reach the atmosphere. Yet there are many obstacles to the transfer of methane from hydrate to the atmosphere. Rates of gas hydrate dissociation and the integrated rates of release and destruction of the methane in the geo/hydro/atmosphere are not adequately understood. Gas hydrate as a submarine geohazard, however, is of immediate and increasing importance to humans as our industrial society moves to exploit seabed resources at ever‐greater depths in the waters of our coastal oceans. Human activities and installations in regions of gas‐hydrate occurrence must take into account the presence of gas hydrate and deal with the consequences of its presence.