Timescales of successful and failed subduction: insights from numerical modelling

Timescales of successful and failed subduction: insights from numerical modelling
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成功和失败俯冲的时间尺度:数值模拟的见解

DOI:
10.1093/gji/ggaa410
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Knight B
Knight B
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Knight B

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早期俯冲阶段持续时间相对较短,导致地质记录不佳,限制了我们对这一关键阶段的理解。在这里,我们使用了一个早期俯冲的二维数值模型,即板块边缘形成后的阶段,板块尖端延伸到浅深度,并解决了俯冲继续或失败的条件。我们评估了从早期俯冲到失败或成功状态的演化过程中的能量收支,显示了岩石圈和地幔内部的粘性耗散如何抵制势能和板块拉的增长。流变学的作用也进行了研究,因为地壳和地幔中的变形机制促进了俯冲。在所有模式中,俯冲开始时都表现为岩石圈高黏性耗散和低收敛速度,而俯冲成功时地幔成为黏性耗散的主要区域。失败俯冲的定义是岩石圈粘性耗散超过岩石圈势能释放速率,速度趋于零。我们认为,俯冲带的发育取决于收敛速度,这是克服热扩散和沿边缘局部变形所必需的。结果表明,达到成功状态需要最小的收敛速率~ 0.5 cm yr - 1,在20 Myr以上需要100 km的收敛,强调了初始阶段的关键作用。
The relatively short duration of the early stages of subduction results in a poor geological record, limiting our understanding of this critical stage. Here, we utilize a 2-D numerical model of incipient subduction, that is the stage after a plate margin has formed with a slab tip that extends to a shallow depth and address the conditions under which subduction continues or fails. We assess energy budgets during the evolution from incipient subduction to either a failed or successful state, showing how the growth of potential energy and slab pull, is resisted by the viscous dissipation within the lithosphere and the mantle. The role of rheology is also investigated, as deformation mechanisms operating in the crust and mantle facilitate subduction. In all models, the onset of subduction is characterized by high lithospheric viscous dissipation and low convergence velocities, whilst successful subduction sees the mantle become the main area of viscous dissipation. In contrast, failed subduction is defined by the lithospheric viscous dissipation exceeding the lithospheric potential energy release rate and velocities tend towards zero. We show that development of a subduction zone depends on the convergence rate, required to overcome thermal diffusion and to localize deformation along the margin. The results propose a minimum convergence rate of ∼0.5 cm yr−1is required to reach a successful state, with 100 km of convergence over 20 Myr, emphasizing the critical role of the incipient stage.
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