Fisheries Sustainability via protection of age structure and spatial distribution of fish populations
Fisheries Sustainability via protection of age structure and spatial distribution of fish populations
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DOI：
10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Love, MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berkeley, SA;Hixon, MA;Love, MS
大西洋和太平洋的许多底栖鱼类被认为过度捕捞，导致大规模渔场关闭。捕鱼除了简单地去除生物量外，还缩短了鱼类种群的年龄和大小结构，并经常导致局部枯竭。我们总结了最近的研究表明，在维持长期可持续的种群水平方面，一个年老的年龄结构，结合产卵和补充的广泛空间分布，至少与产卵生物量一样重要。特别是，有证据表明，年龄较大的雌性岩鱼产生的幼虫比年轻鱼类的后代更能忍受饥饿，生长得更快，种群实际上可能由几个生殖隔离的单位组成，每年的新成员可能只来自产卵种群的一小部分和不同的部分。这些现象在当前的管理程序中都没有考虑到。我们研究了解决这些具体问题的替代管理措施，并得出结论，确保底栖鱼种群的老年年龄结构和复杂空间结构的最佳方法，也许也是唯一的方法是通过相互连接的海洋保护区网络。
Numerous groundfish stocks in both the Atlantic and Pacific are considered overfished, resulting in large-scale fishery closures. Fishing, in addition to simply removing biomass, also truncates the age and size structure of fish populations and often results in localized depletions. We summarize recent research suggesting that an old-growth age structure, combined with a broad spatial distribution of spawning and recruitment, is at least as important as spawning biomass in maintaining long-term sustainable population levels. In particular, there is evidence that older, larger female rockfishes produce larvae that withstand starvation longer and grow faster than the offspring of younger fish, that stocks may actually consist of several reproductively isolated units, and that recruitment may come from only a small and different fraction of the spawning population each year. None of these phenomena is accounted for in current management programs. We examine alternative management measures that address these specific issues and conclude that the best and perhaps only way to ensure old-growth age structure and complex spatial structure in populations of groundfish is through interconnected networks of marine reserves.