Thirdhand Cigarette Smoke: Factors Affecting Exposure and Remediation
Thirdhand Cigarette Smoke: Factors Affecting Exposure and Remediation
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0108258
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发表时间：
2014-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Talbot, Prue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahl, Vasundhra;Jacob, Peyton, III;Talbot, Prue
三手烟（Thirdhand Smoke，THS）是指附着在室内表面并持续存在于环境中的二手烟成分。关于接触水平和可能采取的补救措施以减少受污染地区的潜在接触，人们知之甚少。本研究涉及老化对THS组件的影响，并评估可能的暴露水平和补救措施。我们调查了暴露于烟雾的织物中尼古丁、五种尼古丁相关生物碱和三种烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNAs）的浓度。使用了两种不同的提取方法。在受控实验室条件下，将棉毛圈布和聚酯羊毛暴露于烟雾中，并在浸提前老化。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行化学分析。在烟雾暴露后老化19个月的织物保留了大量的THS化学品。在水提取过程中，棉布释放的尼古丁是聚酯的约41倍，并且在水提取1小时后释放的烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）的量是聚酯的约78倍。暴露于烟雾的毛巾布提取物中的尼古丁和TSNA浓度用于估计婴儿/幼儿口腔暴露和成人皮肤暴露于THS。THS残留物中的尼古丁暴露量在幼儿中可能高出6.8倍，在成人中可能高出24倍，TSNA暴露量在幼儿中可能高出16倍，在成人中可能高出被动吸烟者吸入的56倍。除了提供暴露估计，我们的数据可能是有用的，在制定补救策略和制定公共卫生政策的室内环境与THS。
Thirdhand smoke (THS) refers to components of secondhand smoke that stick to indoor surfaces and persist in the environment. Little is known about exposure levels and possible remediation measures to reduce potential exposure in contaminated areas. This study deals with the effect of aging on THS components and evaluates possible exposure levels and remediation measures. We investigated the concentration of nicotine, five nicotine related alkaloids, and three tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in smoke exposed fabrics. Two different extraction methods were used. Cotton terry cloth and polyester fleece were exposed to smoke in controlled laboratory conditions and aged before extraction. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for chemical analysis. Fabrics aged for 19 months after smoke exposure retained significant amounts of THS chemicals. During aqueous extraction, cotton cloth released about 41 times as much nicotine and about 78 times the amount of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) as polyester after one hour of aqueous extraction. Concentrations of nicotine and TSNAs in extracts of terry cloth exposed to smoke were used to estimate infant/toddler oral exposure and adult dermal exposure to THS. Nicotine exposure from THS residue can be 6.8 times higher in toddlers and 24 times higher in adults and TSNA exposure can be 16 times higher in toddlers and 56 times higher in adults than what would be inhaled by a passive smoker. In addition to providing exposure estimates, our data could be useful in developing remediation strategies and in framing public health policies for indoor environments with THS.