Specifying and monitoring economic environments using rights and obligations
Specifying and monitoring economic environments using rights and obligations
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使用权利和义务指定和监控经济环境
DOI：
10.1007/s10458-009-9089-6
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Avi Pfeffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loizos Michael;D. Parkes;Avi Pfeffer
我们提供正式的脚本语言来捕获经济环境的语义。该语言基于一套明确定义的设计原则，明确了代理人的权利（源于财产）和代理人的义务（源于对其行为的自愿或其他行为的限制）。与该语言相结合的是一个运行时系统，该系统能够在代理介导的经济环境中监控和执行权利和义务。该框架允许代理正式表达与其操作相关的保证（义务），并且运行时系统会自动检查这些义务是否得到满足，并在执行操作之前验证代理是否拥有适当的权利。权利和义务被视为可以从一个代理人转移到另一个代理人的一流商品。这种处理使得定义自然且富有表现力的递归语句变得容易，因此，例如，一个人可能拥有出售或交易某些其他权利或义务的权利或义务。我们从权利和义务的角度定义了运作良好的市场的基本公理，并描述了所有权和占有之间的区别，这可以说是经济市场中最重要的两个概念。该框架提供了一组丰富的与动作相关的构造，用于对条件和非确定性效果进行建模，并引入了使用交易来安全地捆绑动作，包括发行权利和承担义务。通过示例，我们表明我们的语言可以代表各种经济机制，从简单的二代理单一商品交换到复杂的组合拍卖。该框架已完全实现，可用于形式化市场语义；作为原型设计、测试和评估代理中介市场的平台；并为部署电子市场提供基础。
We provide a formal scripting language to capture the semantics of economic environments. The language is based on a set of well-defined design principles and makes explicit an agent’s rights, as derived from property, and an agent’s obligations, as derived from restrictions placed on its actions either voluntarily or as a consequence of other actions. Coupled with the language is a run-time system that is able to monitor and enforce rights and obligations in an agent-mediated economic environment. The framework allows an agent to formally express guarantees (obligations) in relation to its actions, and the run-time system automatically checks that these obligations are met and verifies that an agent has appropriate rights before executing an action. Rights and obligations are viewed as first-class goods that can be transferred from one agent to another. This treatment makes it easy to define natural and expressive recursive statements, so that, for instance, one may have rights or obligations in selling or trading some other right or obligation. We define fundamental axioms about well-functioning markets in terms of rights and obligations, and delineate the difference between ownership and possession, arguably two of the most important notions in economic markets. The framework provides a rich set of action-related constructs for modeling conditional and non-deterministic effects, and introduces the use of transactions to safely bundle actions, including the issuing of rights and taking on of obligations. By way of example, we show that our language can represent a variety of economic mechanisms, ranging from simple two-agent single-good exchanges to complicated combinatorial auctions. The framework, which is fully implemented, can be used to formalize the semantics of markets; as a platform for prototyping, testing and evaluating agent-mediated markets; and also provide a basis for deploying an electronic market.