High-Resolution 3-D Mapping of Soil Texture in Denmark
High-Resolution 3-D Mapping of Soil Texture in Denmark
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2012.0275
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Greve, Mogens H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adhikari, Kabindra;Kheir, Rania Bou;Greve, Mogens H.
土壤质地是一种重要的土壤物理性质，在自然界中具有很大的空间变异性，它控制着土壤中的大多数物理、化学、生物和水文过程。关于土壤质地垂直和横向变异的详细信息对于适当的作物和土地管理以及环境研究至关重要，特别是在机械化农业占三分之二土地面积的丹麦。我们从1958年丹麦土壤剖面中模拟了质地分布的连续深度函数（最深2米），使用等面积二次样条，预测GlobalSoilMap项目六个标准土壤深度的粘土、粉砂、细砂和粗砂含量（0-5、5-15、15-30、30-60、60-100和100-200 cm）。17个环境变量被用作预测因子，并计算了它们的预测强度。例如，在0 ~ 5cm深度的粉粒含量预测中，重要性较高的因子包括土壤图评分（90%）、景观类型（54%）和土地利用（27%），而重要性较低的因子是直接日照（17%）和坡向（14%）。模型验证（随机选择20%的数据）显示，在较高的深度间隔中预测性能较高，但在较低的深度间隔中预测误差增加（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，0-5 cm粉土的R-2 = 0.54，RMSE = 33.7 g kg（-1）; 100-200 cm粉土的R-2 = 0.29，RMSE = 38.8 g kg（-1）。丹麦土壤的含砂量很高（0- 5 cm深度的粘土、粉砂、细砂和粗砂含量的平均值分别为79、84、324和316 g kg（-1））。该国北方地区的细砂含量高于研究区域的其他地区，而在该国西部，几乎没有粘土，但在所有土壤深度的粗砂含量很高。该国东部和中部地区富含粘土，但由于淋溶，表层土壤被粘土淋溶，随后在较低深度积累。我们发现等面积二次样条和回归规则是有前途的工具，土壤剖面协调和空间预测的质地属性在全国范围内横跨丹麦。
Soil texture which is spatially variable in nature, is an important soil physical property that governs most physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological processes in soils. Detailed information on soil texture variability both in vertical and lateral dimensions is crucial for proper crop and land management and environmental studies, especially in Denmark where mechanized agriculture covers two thirds of the land area. We modeled the continuous depth function of texture distribution from 1958 Danish soil profiles (up to a 2-m depth) using equal-area quadratic splines and predicted clay, silt, fine sand, and coarse sand content at six standard soil depths of GlobalSoilMap project (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-100, and 100-200 cm) via regression rules using the Cubist data mining tool. Seventeen environmental variables were used as predictors and their strength of prediction was also calculated. For example, in the prediction of silt content at 0 to 5 cm depth, factors that registered a higher level of importance included the soil map scored (90%), landscape types (54%), and landuse (27%), while factors with lower scores were direct insolation (17%) and slope aspect (14%). Model validation (20% of the data selected randomly) showed a higher prediction performance in the upper depth intervals but increasing prediction error in the lower depth intervals (e. g., R-2 = 0.54, RMSE = 33.7 g kg(-1) for silt 0-5 cm and R-2 = 0.29, RMSE = 38.8 g kg(-1) from 100-200 cm). Danish soils have a high sand content (mean values for clay, silt, fine sand, and coarse sand content for 0- to 5-cm depth were 79, 84, 324, and 316 g kg(-1), respectively). Northern parts of the country have a higher content of fine sand compared to the rest of the study area, whereas in the western part of the country there was little clay but a high coarse sand content at all soil depths. The eastern and central parts of the country are rich in clay, but due to leaching, surface soils are clay eluviated with subsequent accumulation at lower depths. We found equal-area quadratic splines and regression rules to be promising tools for soil profile harmonization and spatial prediction of texture properties at national extentacross Denmark.