Valuing time and reliability: assessing the evidence from road pricing demonstrations
Valuing time and reliability: assessing the evidence from road pricing demonstrations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2004.11.001
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Small, KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brownstone, D;Small, KA
本文比较了两个最近在南加州的道路收费示范评估的结果。这些项目为衡量通勤者的时间价值和可靠性提供了特别有用的机会。与大多数时间价值偏好研究不同的是，在这些示威活动中，选择支付使用收费设施相对独立于其他出行选择，如是否使用公共交通工具。与大多数陈述的偏好研究不同，这些调查中呈现的场景是旅行者面临或从媒体报道中了解的真实的场景。通过结合显示和陈述的偏好数据，一些研究已经获得了足够的变量独立变量，以解开成本，时间和可靠性的影响，同时仍然将结果建立在真实的行为基础上。这两组研究都发现，基于暴露行为，早上通勤节省的时间价值相当高（每小时20美元到40美元之间），而基于假设行为的时间价值不到一半。当令人满意地确定，可靠性也是相当高的价值。这些值在整个人群中存在很大的异质性，但很难分离出其确切的来源。(c)2004 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
This paper compares results from evaluations of two recent road pricing demonstrations in southern California. These projects provide particularly useful opportunities for measuring commuters' values of time and reliability. Unlike most revealed preference studies of value of time, the choice to pay to use the toll facilities in these demonstrations is relatively independent from other travel choices such as whether to use public transit. Unlike most stated preference studies, the scenarios presented in these surveys are real ones that travelers have faced or know about from media coverage. By combining revealed and stated preference data, some of the studies have obtained enough independent variation in variables to disentangle effects of cost, time, and reliability, while still grounding the results in real behavior. Both sets of studies find that the value of time saved on the morning commute is quite high (between $20 and $40 per hour) when based on revealed behavior, and less than half that amount when based on hypothetical behavior. When satisfactorily identified, reliability is also valued quite highly. There is substantial heterogeneity in these values across the population, but it is difficult to isolate its exact origins. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.