GENOTYPE‐BY‐ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE OF A SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER IN THE COLLARED FLYCATCHER (FICEDULA ALBICOLLIS)
GENOTYPE‐BY‐ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE OF A SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER IN THE COLLARED FLYCATCHER (FICEDULA ALBICOLLIS)
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基因型与环境的相互作用决定领鹟（FICEDULA ALBICOLLIS）第二性特征的大小
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05419.x
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
A. Qvarnström
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Qvarnström
虽然遗传变异密切相关的健身字符预计要么成为耗尽的选择或掩盖环境变化，“好基因”模型的性选择需要中等至高的第二性征的遗传力来解释昂贵的女性择偶偏好的发生。在这项研究中，我调查了条件依赖性第二性征（即，白色前额徽章）随后代生长期间所经历的环境条件而变化。这些数据是在14年的时间里收集的，因此有可能利用纳塔尔条件的自然变化。此外，纳塔尔条件的实验改变，通过育雏大小的操作。在不利条件下造成的普遍恶劣的天气或实验扩大育雏大小，没有显着的遗传力的基础上父亲-儿子回归可以证明（0.19 h2 <$0.27）。相比之下，在有利的天气或在实验减少育雏年饲养的儿子显着类似于他们的父亲（0.44 h2 0.65）。此外，随着母亲年龄的增加，遗传力估计值下降。纳塔尔环境条件对估计的前额徽章大小的遗传力的强烈影响表明，配偶选择的潜在遗传益处根据环境条件而变化（例如，在不利的饲养条件下，效益会降低）。由于在恶劣条件下饲养的儿子可能经历了与其父亲所经历的不同的纳塔尔环境，因此在恶劣条件下获得的低遗传力估计值似乎是由在这种环境中表达的低加性遗传变异和/或两种不同环境中性状表达之间的低遗传相关性（即，好与坏）。这两种解释都暗示了基因型与环境相互作用的存在。如果这种相互作用经常影响第二性征的表达，这可能会提供一个解释，有时报告这些性状的高遗传力，尽管他们暴露在长期的定向选择。
Although genetic variation in characters closely related to fitness is expected to either become depleted by selection or masked by environmental variation, “good gene” models of sexual selection require moderate to high heritabilities of secondary sexual characters to explain the occurrence of costly female mate preferences. In this study, I investigated whether the estimated heritability of a condition‐dependent secondary sexual character (i.e., the white forehead badge) in the collared flycatcher varied depending on environmental conditions experienced during offspring growth. The data were collected over a period of 14 years making it possible to exploit natural variation in natal conditions. In addition, natal conditions were experimentally altered through brood size manipulations. During unfavorable conditions caused by generally poor weather or experimentally enlarged brood size, no significant heritability based on father‐sons regressions could be demonstrated (0.19 ⩽ h2 ⩽ 0.27). In contrast, sons reared during years with favorable weather or in experimentally reduced broods significantly resembled their fathers (0.44 ⩽ h2 ⩽ 0.65). In addition, the heritability estimates declined with increasing maternal age. The strong effect of natal environmental condition on the estimated heritability of forehead badge size suggests that the potential genetic benefit from mate choice vary according to environmental conditions (e.g., the benefit is reduced during unfavorable rearing conditions). Because sons reared during poor conditions have probably experienced a natal environment different from that experienced by their fathers, the low heritability estimates obtained under poor conditions seem to be caused by low additive genetic variation expressed in such environments and/or a low genetic correlation between the expression of the trait in the two different environments (i.e., good vs. bad). Both of these explanations imply the presence of genotype‐by‐environment interactions. If such interactions frequently affect the expression of secondary sexual characters, this may offer an explanation of the high heritabilites sometimes reported for such traits, despite their exposure to long‐term directional selection.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
D. Houle
通讯作者：
D. Houle