Multiple paternity and mating patterns in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis
Multiple paternity and mating patterns in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01241.x
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发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Sawyer, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, LM;Glenn, TC;Sawyer, RH
卵是从路易斯安那州西南部洛克菲勒野生动物保护区的22个野生美洲短吻鳄巢穴中取样的，沿着的还有守卫巢穴的雌性。1995年对3个巢穴进行了抽样，1997年对19个巢穴进行了抽样。从所有离合器的女性和后代进行基因分型，使用5个多态性微卫星位点和1995年的三个巢也使用一个等位酶位点进行基因分型。孵化的基因型是一致的守卫女性是他们各自的离合器的母亲。在22个窝中的7个中发现了多重亲子关系，其中1个由3个雄性作为父亲，其余6个窝具有与每个窝中的新手雄性一致的基因型。父方贡献的多棚窝是偏斜的。一些男性繁殖的孵化超过一个的22个离合器要么作为一个多父系离合器的两个父亲之一，作为两个不同离合器的唯一父亲，或作为一个离合器的唯一父亲和一个多父系离合器的两个父亲之一。有多个父系离合器的女性和那些单一父系离合器女性总长度（P = 0.844）和离合器大小（P = 0.861）方面没有显着差异。此外，筑巢雌性的遗传相关性和成对巢距之间没有显著相关性（r（2）= 0.003，F-1，F-208 = 0.623，P = 0.431），表明该样本中相互筑巢的雌性并不比随机选择的任何两个筑巢雌性更相关。在22个窝中的5个位点上检测到11个突变。这些突变中的大多数（11个中的8个）发生在Ami mu-17，这是本研究中使用的5个微卫星位点中唯一的复合微卫星位点，对应于1.7 × 10 - 3的突变率。最后，大多数突变（82%）是同源的，即，突变成路易斯安那州人群中已经存在的等位基因状态
Eggs were sampled from 22 wild American alligator nests from the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in south-west Louisiana, along with the females guarding the nests. Three nests were sampled in 1995 and 19 were sampled in 1997. Females and offspring from all clutches were genotyped using five polymorphic microsatellite loci and the three nests from 1995 were also genotyped using one allozyme locus. Genotypes of the hatchlings were consistent with the guarding females being the mothers of their respective clutches. Multiple paternity was found in seven of the 22 clutches with one being fathered by three males, and the remaining six clutches ha cling genotypes consistent with tyro males per clutch. Paternal contributions of multiply shed clutches were skewed. Some males sired hatchlings of more than one of the 22 clutches either as one of two sires of a multiple paternity clutch, as the sole sire of two different clutches, or as the sole sire of one clutch and one of two sires of a multiply sired clutch. There was no significant difference between females that had multiple paternity clutches and those that had singly sired clutches with respect to female total length (P = 0.844) and clutch size (P = 0.861). Also, there was no significant correlation between genetic relatedness of nesting females and pairwise nest distances (r(2) = 0.003, F-1,F-208 = 0.623, P = 0.431), indicating that females in this sample that nested close to one another were no more related than any two nesting females chosen at random. Eleven mutations were detected among hatchlings at the five loci over the 22 clutches. Most of these mutations (eight of 11) occurred at Ami mu -17, the only compound microsatellite locus of the five used in this study, corresponding to a mutation rate of 1.7 x 10(-3). Finally, most of the mutations (82%) were homoplasious, i.e., mutating to an allelic state already present in this Louisiana population.