A review of the broodstock management and larviculture of the Pacific northern bluefin tuna in Japan
A review of the broodstock management and larviculture of the Pacific northern bluefin tuna in Japan
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日本北太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼亲鱼管理和幼体养殖的回顾
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.030
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Y. Sakakura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Masuma;Takayuki Takebe;Y. Sakakura
我们回顾了日本太平洋北部蓝鳍金枪鱼 (PBT) Thunnus orientalis 亲鱼管理和幼体养殖的研究。自 1970 年以来，由于联邦和县政府以及大学参与了一项旨在优化日本周边海域生产力的国家项目，日本一直处于 PBT 研究的前沿。 1979年，近畿大学的科学家首次成功实现了5龄PBT亲鱼的首次圈养自然产卵。 1980年和1982年也曾成功产卵，但直到1993年Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Inc. (MNH)和日本配方饲料制造有限公司(NFFMC)开始涉足金枪鱼养殖并成功产卵四年龄亲鱼后，才开始产卵。此后，多个地点以及近畿大学都报道了 PBT 在圈养条件下成功产卵的情况。自1994年以来，随着PBT的成功产卵，近畿大学水产研究机构（FRA；前日本海水养殖协会）联合MNH、NFFMC和Takuyo Ltd.，积极开展金枪鱼幼体养殖技术的研究和开发。因此，日本已经积累了有关亲鱼管理和幼体养殖的知识，但幼体养殖的技术问题仍有待解决。迄今为止，日本已有9处网箱成功产卵。其中位于奄美岛周边地区的 4 个地点每年都会稳定产卵。我们通过对亲鱼周围环境的测量、性腺形态测量、内分泌、线粒体DNA分析以及日常仔细观察，积累了关于成熟期、触发产卵的环境关键因素、产卵开始年龄和产卵模式的数据。近畿大学、FRA、MNH、NFFMC 和 Takuyo 的 PBT 幼体养殖研究已成功培育出数以万计的孵化场饲养的幼体。结果，近畿大学成功建立了人工饲养的PBT的完整生命周期，并实现了其水产养殖生命周期。然而，PBT幼体养殖的剩余技术问题仍需要解决，包括幼体养殖早期阶段幼体死在池底的下沉综合症，幼体向幼体过渡阶段寻找合适的食物（种类、大小和营养），幼体的同类相食和撞墙，以及幼体阶段的畸形和病毒性疾病。
We reviewed research on the broodstock management and larviculture of the Pacific northern bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis in Japan. Japan has been at the forefront of PBT research since 1970 due to the participation by federal and prefectural governments and universities in a national project aimed to optimize productivity of the sea around Japan. In 1979, scientists at Kinki University succeeded in the first spontaneous spawning in captivity by the broodstock of 5year-old PBT. Successful spawning was also performed in 1980 and 1982, but no spawning then occurred until 1993, when Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Inc. (MNH) and Nippon Formula Feed Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (NFFMC) became involved in tuna farming and succeeded in the spawning of four-year-old broodstock. Since then, successful spawning of PBT in captivity has been reported from several sites as well as spawning in Kinki Univ. since 1994. With the successful spawning of PBT, the Fisheries Research Agency (FRA; formerly, Japan Sea Farming Association) of Kinki University, in conjunction with MNH, NFFMC, and Takuyo Ltd., has actively carried out research on and development of tuna larviculture technology. Thus, knowledge about broodstock management and larviculture has accumulated in Japan, but technical problems with larviculture still remain to be solved. There are 9 sites of successful spawning in net pens in Japan so far. At 4 of these sites in regions around Amami Island, yearly spawning has stably occurred. We have been accumulating data about the period of maturation, environmental key factors triggering the spawning, the age of onset of spawning, and the pattern of spawning through measurement of the ambient environment, gonad morphometry, endocrinology, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and daily careful observation of broodstock. Research on PBT larviculture at Kinki University, FRA, MNH, NFFMC, and Takuyo have succeeded in producing tens of thousands of hatchery-raised juveniles. As a result, Kinki University succeeded in establishing the full life cycle of PBT in captivity, and also achieved its aquaculture life cycle. However, solutions are needed for the remaining technological issues of PBT larviculture, including sinking syndrome, where larvae die on the bottom of the tank during the early phase of larviculture, the search for appropriate food (species, size, and nutrition) around the transition stage from larva to juvenile, cannibalism and collision against walls in the juvenile, and malformation and viral diseases in the young stage.
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