Becoming Less Illegal: Deservingness Frames and Undocumented Migrant Incorporation
Becoming Less Illegal: Deservingness Frames and Undocumented Migrant Incorporation
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DOI：
10.1111/soc4.12145
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Garces-Mascarenas, Blanca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chauvin, Sebastien;Garces-Mascarenas, Blanca
在过去的二十年里，对非法移民的研究已经脱离了绝对排斥移民的方程式，强调正式的排斥通常会导致从属的包容。非正规移民通过非正式支持网络、地下经济和政治活动融入社会。但它们也会通过各级政府之间的政策分歧、官僚主义破坏或欺诈，融入正式制度。无证移民的加入与其说是隐形，不如说是伪装——呈现出一种悖论，即伪装随着融合而改善。当它达到权利要求和程序的正式层次时，法制化就提出了一个框架问题，通过这个框架来断言法律的正当性。通过观察嵌入在主张和计划中的道德经济，我们研究了一系列框架紧张关系：在对法律地位的普遍要求和特殊要求之间，在基于脆弱性的合法化和基于公民表现的合法化之间，在经济和文化上的应得性之间，以及在政策层面和个人主体性之间。我们表明，当限制主义政府对“好公民”的建构有可能延伸到“应得的”无证移民时，它们面临着两难境地。因此，它们可能同时强调应得框架，同时限制非正规移民获得应得的机会，从而有效地使应得成为公民义务和公民特权。
Over the last two decades, research on unauthorized migration has departed from the equation of migrant illegality with absolute exclusion, emphasizing that formal exclusion typically results in subordinate inclusion. Irregular migrants integrate through informal support networks, the underground economy, and political activities. But they also incorporate into formal institutions, through policy divergence between levels of government, bureaucratic sabotage, or fraud. The incorporation of undocumented migrants involves not so much invisibility as camouflage - presenting the paradox that camouflage improves with integration. As it reaches the formal level of claims and procedures, legalization brings up the issue of the frames through which legal deservingness is asserted. Looking at the moral economy embedded in claims and programs, we examine a series of frame tensions: between universal and particular claims to legal status, between legalization based on vulnerability and that based on civic performance, between economic and cultural deservingness, and between the policy level and individual subjectivity. We show that restrictionist governments face a dilemma when their constructions of "good citizenship" threaten to extend to "deserving" undocumented migrants. Hence, they may simultaneously emphasize deservingness frames while limiting irregular migrants' opportunities to deserve, effectively making deservingness both a civic obligation and a civic privilege.