Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control
Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control
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DOI：
10.1007/s11051-012-1029-8
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schulte, P. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuempel, E. D.;Castranova, V.;Schulte, P. A.
鉴于纳米材料的种类几乎是无限的，几乎不可能单独评估每种纳米材料可能的职业健康危害。需要制定基于科学的纳米材料危害和风险类别，以便就工作场所的接触控制做法做出决策。一种可能的策略是从各种作用模式（MOA）类别中选择具有代表性的（基准）材料，评估危害并制定风险估计，然后将新纳米材料与同一MOA类别中的基准材料进行系统比较。在此以难溶性颗粒为例，说明在给定作用模式和相对毒性的情况下，可能的基准颗粒和职业暴露对照组的定量风险评估方法。将这些基准粒子与特定的暴露控制带联系起来，将有助于将健康危害和定量风险信息转化为工作场所有效的暴露控制做法。一个关键的挑战是根据标准测试获得足够的剂量反应数据，以系统地评估影响纳米材料生物活性的物理化学因素。分类过程既涉及基于科学的分析，也涉及在缺乏具体物质信息的情况下的默认假设。利用来自相关材料的数据和信息可能有助于初步确定纳米材料的接触控制系统。
Given the almost limitless variety of nanomaterials, it will be virtually impossible to assess the possible occupational health hazard of each nanomaterial individually. The development of science-based hazard and risk categories for nanomaterials is needed for decision-making about exposure control practices in the workplace. A possible strategy would be to select representative (benchmark) materials from various mode of action (MOA) classes, evaluate the hazard and develop risk estimates, and then apply a systematic comparison of new nanomaterials with the benchmark materials in the same MOA class. Poorly soluble particles are used here as an example to illustrate quantitative risk assessment methods for possible benchmark particles and occupational exposure control groups, given mode of action and relative toxicity. Linking such benchmark particles to specific exposure control bands would facilitate the translation of health hazard and quantitative risk information to the development of effective exposure control practices in the workplace. A key challenge is obtaining sufficient dose-response data, based on standard testing, to systematically evaluate the nanomaterials' physical-chemical factors influencing their biological activity. Categorization processes involve both science-based analyses and default assumptions in the absence of substance-specific information. Utilizing data and information from related materials may facilitate initial determinations of exposure control systems for nanomaterials.