Overexpression of follistatin in trout stimulates increased muscling
Overexpression of follistatin in trout stimulates increased muscling
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.91020.2008
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Bradley, Terence M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Medeiros, Erika F.;Phelps, Michael P.;Bradley, Terence M.
梅代罗斯 EF、菲尔普斯 MP、富恩特斯 FD、布拉德利 TM。鳟鱼中卵泡抑素的过度表达会刺激肌肉的增加。 Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297：R235-R242，2009。首次发表于 2009 年 5 月 27 日； doi:10.1152/ajpregu.91020.2008.-在哺乳动物中删除或抑制肌生长抑制素已被证明可以通过增生、肥大或两者的组合来显着增加肌肉质量。尽管哺乳动物蛋白质的保守性非常高，但肌肉生长抑制素在鱼类中的功能仍然未知，许多鱼类在整个生命周期中通过增生来持续肌肉生长。转基因虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）过度表达卵泡抑素（一种更有效的肌生长抑制素拮抗剂），旨在研究该蛋白对肌肉发育和生长的影响。在肌肉组织中过表达卵泡抑素的 P-1 转基因显示出轴上和轴下肌肉的增加，类似于在双肌牛和肌生长抑制素缺失小鼠中观察到的情况。轴下肌肉产生的表型让人想起人类发达的腹直肌和肋间肌，被称为“六块腹肌”。根据条件因素测量，转基因动物的身体构象发生了显着改变，并且总肌肉表面积增加。肌肉增加几乎完全是由于增生所致，每单位面积的纤维数量增加以及较小纤维的百分比和总纤维数量的增加证明了这一点。在一些个体中，观察到不对称的肌肉，但没有观察到卵泡抑素鱼的活动性或行为发生变化。研究结果表明，鳟鱼（一种生长速度不确定的物种）中卵泡抑素的过度表达可促进肌肉生长。鳟鱼的双肌肉是否是由于肌肉生长抑制素、其他生长因子或两者的抑制所致，仍有待确定。
Medeiros EF, Phelps MP, Fuentes FD, Bradley TM. Overexpression of follistatin in trout stimulates increased muscling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R235-R242, 2009. First published May 27, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.91020.2008.-Deletion or inhibition of myostatin in mammals has been demonstrated to markedly increase muscle mass by hyperplasia, hypertrophy, or a combination of both. Despite a remarkably high degree of conservation with the mammalian protein, the function of myostatin remains unknown in fish, many species of which continue muscle growth throughout the lifecycle by hyperplasia. Transgenic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) overexpressing follistatin, one of the more efficacious antagonists of myostatin, were produced to investigate the effect of this protein on muscle development and growth. P-1 transgenics overexpressing follistatin in muscle tissue exhibited increased epaxial and hypaxial muscling similar to that observed in double-muscled cattle and myostatin null mice. The hypaxial muscling generated a phenotype reminiscent of well-developed rectus abdominus and intercostal muscles in humans and was dubbed "six pack." Body conformation of the transgenic animals was markedly altered, as measured by condition factor, and total muscle surface area increased. The increased muscling was due almost exclusively to hyperplasia as evidenced by a higher number of fibers per unit area and increases in the percentage of smaller fibers and the number of total fibers. In several individuals, asymmetrical muscling was observed, but no changes in mobility or behavior of follistatin fish were observed. The findings indicate that overexpression of follistatin in trout, a species with indeterminate growth rate, enhances muscle growth. It remains to be determined whether the double muscling in trout is due to inhibition of myostatin, other growth factors, or both.