Rat spatial memory tasks adapted for humans: Characterization in subjects with intact brain and subjects with medial temporal lobe lesions
Rat spatial memory tasks adapted for humans: Characterization in subjects with intact brain and subjects with medial temporal lobe lesions
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DOI：
10.33549/physiolres.930000.51.s49
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bures, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bohbot, VD;Jech, R;Bures, J
在本文中，我们描述了五个测试，其中三个被设计成类似于啮齿动物使用的任务。本文讨论了对照受试者、选择性颞叶热凝损伤患者以及非人灵长类动物和啮齿动物的结果。这些测试包括通过在房间里移动而获得的空间位置的记忆，受试者对与之互动的物体的记忆，或者对物体及其位置的记忆。其中两个空间记忆任务是专门设计的，类似于Morris水任务和8臂径向迷宫任务。Morris水任务是通过在房间的地毯下隐藏一个传感器（隐形传感器任务）来模拟的。受试者必须通过房间里的一系列视觉线索来了解它的位置。为了研究物体空间位置认知表征的非视觉获取，开发了路径整合任务。在非视觉空间记忆任务中，我们蒙住受试者的眼睛，把他们带到一个房间，让他们找到3个物体，并记住它们的位置。我们设计了一个物体定位任务，把4个物体放在一个房间里，让被试观察，以便以后回忆它们的位置。在回忆任务之后，再进行识别任务和新颖性检测任务。通过在房间周围放置等距离的展台，并要求受试者从一个中心点访问每个展台一次，重现了一个8臂放射状迷宫。一个非空间工作记忆任务被设计为非空间等效的径向迷宫。报告被试通过试错搜索目标时，在隐形传感器任务的第一次试验中记录的搜索路径。对搜索路径的分析显示，右侧或左侧海马体或海马体旁皮层受损的患者与正常对照组使用相同类型的搜索策略，显示出与大鼠记录的搜索行为的相似性和差异性。有趣的是，当延迟30分钟后对传感器的回忆进行测试时，包括右侧海马体旁皮层的病变患者相对于不包括右侧海马体旁皮层的病变患者受损（Bohbot et al. 1998）。在放射状迷宫、放射状迷宫的非空间模拟和路径整合任务中，对照组和内侧颞叶选择性热损伤患者之间没有差异。方法程序、学习策略和病变位置的差异可以解释人类和非人类物种之间的一些差异结果。在物体定位任务的新颖性检测中，无论右侧海马体旁皮层是否完好或受损，右侧海马体损伤的患者都难以记住物体的特定结构和身份。这支持了人类右侧海马体在空间记忆中的作用，在这种情况下，包括对房间中元素位置的记忆；已知学习需要大鼠的海马体。
In the present paper we describe five tests, 3 of which were designed to be similar to tasks used with rodents. Results obtained from control subjects, patients with selective thermo-coagulation lesions to the medial temporal lobe and results from non-human primates and rodents are discussed. The tests involve memory for spatial locations acquired by moving around in a room, memory for objects subjects interacted with, or memory for objects and their locations. Two of the spatial memory tasks were designed specifically as analogs of the Morris water task and the 8-arm radial-maze tasks used with rats. The Morris water task was modeled by hiding a sensor under the carpet of a room (Invisible Sensor Task). Subjects had to learn its location by using an array of visual cues available in the room. A path integration task was developed in order to study the non-visual acquisition of a cognitive representation of the spatial location of objects. In the non-visual spatial memory task, we blindfolded subjects and led them to a room where they had to find 3 objects and remember their locations. We designed an object location task by placing 4 objects in a room that subjects observed for later recall of their locations. A recognition task, and a novelty detection task were given subsequent to the recall task. An 8-arm radial-maze was recreated by placing stands at equal distance from each other around the room, and asking subjects to visit each stand once, from a central point. A non-spatial working memory task was designed to be the non-spatial equivalent of the radial maze. Search paths recorded on the first trial of the Invisible Sensor Task, when subjects search for the target by trial and error are reported. An analysis of the search paths revealed that patients with lesions to the right or left hippocampus or parahippocampal cortex employed the same type of search strategies as normal controls did, showing similarities and differences to the search behavior recorded in rats. Interestingly, patients with lesions that included the right parahippocampal cortex were impaired relative to patients with lesions to the right hippocampus that spared the parahippocampal cortex, when recall of the sensor was tested after a 30 min delay (Bohbot et al. 1998). No differences were obtained between control subjects and patients with selective thermal lesions to the medial temporal lobe, when tested on the radial-maze, the non-spatial analogue to the radial-maze and the path integration tasks. Differences in methodological procedures, learning strategies and lesion location could account for some of the discrepant results between humans and non-human species. Patients with lesions to the right hippocampus, irrespective of whether the right parahippocampal cortex was spared or damaged, had difficulties remembering the particular configuration and identity of objects in the novelty detection of the object location task. This supports the role of the human right hippocampus for spatial memory, in this case, involving memory for the location of elements in the room; learning known to require the hippocampus in the rat.