International political theory and the question of justice
International political theory and the question of justice
复制标题
国际政治理论与正义问题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00544.x
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Terry Nardin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Terry Nardin
国际正义理论家的目标是在国际或全球一级的正义思想之间找到一致性。将正义与强制和法律联系起来，可以弥合正义战争理论与国际分配正义理论之间的差距。人道主义干预的想法说明了这一论点可能会如何发展。这一想法的基础是保护责任的想法。这一义务通常被认为是一种不完善的义务，因此无法根据慈善原则强制执行。但我们也可以把它看作是一种完美的、可执行的抵制暴力的责任，这种责任直接基于尊重的原则，而不是以仁慈为中介。尊重还意味着采取行动防止非暴力伤害。当人们死于饥饿或疾病时无所作为，就是不尊重他们作为人，使他们的福祉成为一个漠不关心的问题。因此，我们有理由被迫通过征税来支持防止这种伤害的努力，以防止这种伤害。以保护责任为中心的正义理论将把国际分配正义理论建立在正义战争理论的基础-正义-胁迫联系之上。
The aim of the international justice theorist is to find coherence among ideas about justice at the international or global level. Linking justice to coercion and law can bridge the gap between just war theory and theories of international distributive justice. The idea of humanitarian intervention illustrates how the argument might go. Underlying that idea is the idea of a duty to protect. That duty is often thought to be an imperfect and therefore unenforceable duty based on a principle of beneficence. But we can also think of it as a perfect, enforceable duty to resist the violent, where that duty rests directly on the principle of respect, unmediated by beneficence. Respect also implies action to prevent non-violent harms. To do nothing while people are dying of starvation or disease is to fail to respect them as human beings by making their wellbeing a matter of indifference. We can therefore justly be compelled to prevent such harms by being taxed to support efforts to prevent them. A theory of justice that made the duty to protect central would ground the theory of international distributive justice in the justice—coercion link that underlies just war theory.