How Children and Adults Represent God's Mind.
How Children and Adults Represent God's Mind.
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DOI：
10.1111/cogs.12232
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Young LL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heiphetz L;Lane JD;Waytz A;Young LL
几个世纪以来，人类一直在思考神的思想。对宗教认知的研究分散在各个分支学科中，这使得人们很难完全理解人们是如何对神的思想进行推理的。我们整合了认知、发展、社会心理学和神经科学的方法来阐明宗教认知的起源。首先，我们表明，尽管成年人明确地将超自然的思想与人类的思想区分开来，但他们的内隐反应显示出的歧视要少得多。接下来，我们证明了儿童的宗教认知往往与成人的内隐反应相匹配，揭示了上帝心灵的拟人化概念。来自儿童和成人的数据表明，将上帝的思想视为人类的直觉本质。然后，我们提出了三种互补的解释来解释为什么拟人化在成年期仍然存在，这表明拟人化可能是：1)锚定和调整启发式的一个实例；2)早期证词的反映；和/或3)进化的副产品。
For centuries, humans have contemplated the minds of gods. Research on religious cognition is spread across sub-disciplines, making it difficult to gain a complete understanding of how people reason about gods' minds. We integrate approaches from cognitive, developmental, and social psychology and neuroscience to illuminate the origins of religious cognition. First, we show that although adults explicitly discriminate supernatural minds from human minds, their implicit responses reveal far less discrimination. Next, we demonstrate that children's religious cognition often matches adults' implicit responses, revealing anthropomorphic notions of God's mind. Together, data from children and adults suggest the intuitive nature of perceiving God's mind as human-like. We then propose three complementary explanations for why anthropomorphism persists in adulthood, suggesting that anthropomorphism may be: 1) an instance of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic; 2) a reflection of early testimony; and/or 3) an evolutionary byproduct.