Self-directed program for weight control: a pilot study.
Self-directed program for weight control: a pilot study.
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自我指导的体重控制计划：一项试点研究。
DOI：
10.1037/h0027175
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发表时间：
1969
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
M. Harris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Harris
设计了一个治疗方案，通过使用自我监测技术改变他们的饮食行为，使5岁以下的人减肥。所有参与该计划的5人都实现了稳定的体重减轻，他们的平均体重减轻幅度明显大于一组动机相似的对照组5人的变化。没有额外的影响，由于一些会议的厌恶反调节被证明，并没有一般的情绪变化伴随着体重减轻，5人确实报告了减少诱惑暴饮暴食。有人建议，通过自我控制的刺激条件和强化偶然性逐渐改变习惯的类似计划可能适用于治疗其他成瘾行为，这也是非常难改变的。试图对付暴饮暴食这一不良行为的努力非常不成功。虽然已经假设了大量的因果代理或相关因素，如抑郁症，（西蒙，1963），焦虑（Cauffman & Pauley，1961），权力导向（Suczek，19 S7），各种其他人格问题（Bruch，1957年; Kaplan & Kaplan，1957年，他们列出了肥胖的28种建议含义; Shipman & Plesset，1963），运动不足（Mayer，1955），存在夜食综合征（Stunkard，1959 a），饥饿报告与胃动力之间缺乏相关性（Stunkard，1959 b），父母肥胖（Cappon，1958），更多地依赖于外部刺激，如口味和一天中的时间来调节饥饿（Schachter，1967），以及毫无疑问的许多其他因素，没有明确的因果关系得到充分的详细说明。同样大量的治疗方法也被尝试过，从低热量产品、运动沙龙、瑜伽和减肥俱乐部等非学术手段到催眠（埃里克森，1960年）、饮食指导（杨、摩尔、贝雷斯福德、宾塞特和沃尔瑟姆，1955年）、食欲抑制剂和其他药物（银石和所罗门，1965年）、一般医疗建议（斯滕卡德，
A treatment program was designed to enable 5s to lose weight through the use of self-monitore d techniques for changing their eating behaviors. All 5s who participated in the program achieved a stable loss in weight, and their mean loss was significantly greater than the change shown by a group of similarly motivated control 5s. No additional effects due to a few sessions of aversive counterconditioning were demonstrated, and no general mood changes accompanied the weight loss, The 5s did report a decreased temptation to overeat. It was suggested that similar programs of gradual habit change through self-control of stimulus conditions and reinforcement contingencies might be applied to the treatment of other addictive behaviors, which are also very refractory to change. Attempts to deal with the undesirable behavior of overeating have been spectacularly unsuccessful. Although a great number of causal agents or correlates have been postulated, such as depression (Simon, 1963), anxiety (Cauffman & Pauley, 1961), power orientation (Suczek, 19S7), a variety of other personality problems (Bruch, 1957; Kaplan & Kaplan, 1957, who list 28 suggested meanings of obesity; Shipman & Plesset, 1963), insufficient exercise (Mayer, 1955), presence of night-eating syndrome (Stunkard, 1959a), lack of correlation between report of hunger and gastric motility (Stunkard, 1959b), obesity of parents (Cappon, 1958), more dependence on external stimuli such as flavors and time of day to regulate hunger (Schachter, 1967), and no doubt many others, no clear causal relationships have been substantially detailed. An equally large variety of treatments have been tried, ranging from such nonacademic means as low-calorie products, exercise salons, yoga, and reducing clubs to hypnosis (Erickson, 1960), dietary instruction (Young, Moore, Berresford, Binset, & Waldner, 1955), appetite depressants and other drugs (Silverstone & Solomon, 1965), general medical advice (Stunkard,