Articulating "Archiannelids": Phylogenomics and Annelid Relationships, with Emphasis on Meiofaunal Taxa
Articulating "Archiannelids": Phylogenomics and Annelid Relationships, with Emphasis on Meiofaunal Taxa
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msv157
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Rouse, Greg W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrade, Sonia C. S.;Novo, Marta;Rouse, Greg W.
环节动物的差异导致基于形态的分类与基于Sanger测序和系统基因组分析的系统发育不一致。然而，后一项研究使用的数据来自各种来源和技术，涉及不良占用矩阵和缺乏关键谱系。在这里，我们生成了一个新的基于illumina的数据集，从一个新的角度来解决环节动物的关系，独立于以前生成的数据和几乎完全占用的矩阵。我们的样本反映了环节动物多样性的跨度，包括两个共生环节动物类群（Myzostomida和Spinther）和五个曾经被称为archianelida一部分的小动物类群（三个来自Protodrilida，加上Dinophilus和Polygordius）。除了这些不寻常环节动物的位置外，我们还试图解决环节动物的整体系统发育问题，并为主要分支的命名提供一个新的视角。我们的结果在很大程度上证实了Weigert et al.（2014）的系统发育学结果；利用转录组学阐明了环节动物树的基础。与所有其他环节动物相比，“Magelona + Owenia”和毛羽类形成了一个等级。棘虫纲和星形虫纲被认为是环节动物类群，星形虫纲与两栖动物类群最接近，是静栖目和游子目的姐妹类群。我们恢复了3个原孢子虫末端，它们是毛状孢子虫和针状孢子虫的姐妹分支。因此，我们将Protodrilida作为Errantia的一部分。Polygordius被发现是鳞虫末端的姐妹类群，并讨论了它是一个简化的鳞虫分支的可能性，正如前科Pisionidae所显示的那样。我们的结果是模棱两可的关于恐龙，Myzostomida和Spinther可能是由于混淆的长分支效应。
Annelid disparity has resulted in morphological-based classifications that disagree with phylogenies based on Sanger sequencing and phylogenomic analyses. However, the data used for the latter studies came from various sources and technologies, involved poorly occupied matrices and lacked key lineages. Here, we generated a new Illumina-based data set to address annelid relationships from a fresh perspective, independent from previously generated data and with nearly fully occupied matrices. Our sampling reflects the span of annelid diversity, including two symbiotic annelid groups (Myzostomida and Spinther) and five meiofaunal groups once referred to as part of Archiannelida (three from Protodrilida, plus Dinophilus and Polygordius). As well as the placement of these unusual annelids, we sought to address the overall phylogeny of Annelida, and provide a new perspective for naming of major clades. Our results largely corroborate the phylogenomic results of Weigert et al. (2014; Illuminating the base of the annelid tree using transcriptomics. Mol Biol Evol. 31: 1391-1401), with "Magelona + Owenia" and Chaetopteridae forming a grade with respect to all other annelids. Echiura and Sipuncula are supported as being annelid groups, with Sipuncula closest to amphinomids as sister group to Sedentaria and Errantia. We recovered the three Protodrilida terminals as sister clade to Phyllodocida and Eunicida (=clade Aciculata). We therefore place Protodrilida as part of Errantia. Polygordius was found to be sister group to the scaleworm terminal and the possibility that it is a simplified scaleworm clade, as has been shown for the former family Pisionidae, is discussed. Our results were equivocal with respect to Dinophilus, Myzostomida, and Spinther possibly owing to confounding long-branch effects.