Detrimental effects of acute nicotine on the response-withholding performance of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats.
Detrimental effects of acute nicotine on the response-withholding performance of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats.
复制标题
急性尼古丁对自发性高血压和 Wistar 京都大鼠的反应抑制表现的有害影响。
DOI：
10.1007/s00213-013-3412-2
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sanabria,Federico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mazur,GabrielJ;Wood-Isenberg,Gabriel;Watterson,Elizabeth;Sanabria,Federico
基本原理注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 与吸烟率较高有关，这可能与尼古丁对 ADHD 症状的潜在治疗作用有关。虽然尼古丁对持续注意力有显着改善，但尼古丁对冲动的影响尚不清楚。目的本研究使用固定最小间隔（FMI）强化计划，检查尼古丁对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）（一种多动症动物模型）的反应抑制能力的影响，与正常血压对照 Wistar京都（WKY）相比。方法在急性皮下注射尼古丁后进行测试（0.1–0.6 毫克/千克）。在每次 FMI 试验中，第一次按下杠杆会启动一个响应时间 (IRT)；头部进入食物容器终止了 IRT。超过 6 秒的 IRT 被蔗糖间歇性强化。结果假设只有一部分 IRT 对 FMI 的时间意外事件敏感，该模型提供了与数据的紧密拟合，无论应变或治疗如何。 SHR 和 WKY 之间未观察到 FMI 性能基线差异。对于两种菌株来说，尼古丁都类似地缩短了定时 IRT 的持续时间和 IRT 启动杠杆按下的潜伏期。尼古丁剂量依赖性地增加了定时 IRT 的比例；相对于 WKY，SHR 中的剂量反应曲线向左移动。结论这些结果表明，尼古丁 (a) 降低反应抑制能力，(b) 增强蔗糖的强化功效，(c) 通过剂量依赖性地增强对强化意外事件的注意力样敏感性，其机制尚不清楚。
RationaleAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, which may be related to potential therapeutic effects of nicotine on ADHD symptoms. Whereas nicotine offers robust improvements in sustained attention, the effects of nicotine on impulsivity are unclear.ObjectivesThe present study examined the effects of nicotine on the response inhibition capacity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of ADHD, compared to that of a normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY), using the fixed minimum interval (FMI) schedule of reinforcement.MethodsTests were conducted following acute injections of subcutaneous nicotine (0.1–0.6 mg/kg). On each FMI trial, the first lever press initiated an inter-response time (IRT); a head entry into a food receptacle terminated the IRT. IRTs longer than 6 s were intermittently reinforced with sucrose.ResultsA model that assumes that only a proportion of IRTs are sensitive to the timing contingencies of the FMI provided a close fit to the data, regardless of strain or treatment. No baseline difference in FMI performance was observed between SHR and WKY. Nicotine reduced the duration of timed IRTs and the duration of latencies to the IRT-initiating lever press similarly for both strains. Nicotine dose-dependently increased the proportion of timed IRTs; the dose-response curve was shifted leftwards in SHR relative to WKY.ConclusionsThese results suggest that nicotine (a) reduces response-inhibition capacity, (b) enhances the reinforcing efficacy of sucrose, and (c) dose-dependently enhances attention-like sensitivity to contingencies of reinforcement, through mechanisms that are yet unknown.