Binocular Eye Movements Are Adapted to the Natural Environment
Binocular Eye Movements Are Adapted to the Natural Environment
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2591-18.2018
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发表时间：
2019-04-10
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Banks, Martin S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibaldi, Agostino;Banks, Martin S.
人类和许多动物会频繁地扫视，需要眼睛的协调运动。当落在新的注视点上时，眼睛必须准确地会聚，否则会看到重影。我们询问视觉系统是否利用自然环境中的统计规律来帮助眼跳结束时的眼睛对准。我们测量了视野不同部分自然发生的差异的分布。在男性和女性参与者中，分布的集中趋势在下场交叉（比固定更近），而在上场不交叉（更远）。左右田野都没有交叉。我们还测量了垂直、水平和斜向扫视完成后的水平聚散度。当眼睛第一次落在偏心目标附近时，聚散度与自然视差分布非常一致。例如，当向上扫视时，眼睛会发散以与视野的该部分中最可能的未交叉视差对齐。同样，当向下扫视时，眼睛会聚以与视野的该部分中的交叉视差对齐。我们的结果表明，快速的双眼眼球运动适应了 3D 环境的统计数据，最大限度地减少了眼跳结束时对大的校正聚散运动的需要。这些结果与关于眼球运动是否源自控制双眼的单独的扫视和聚散神经命令或来自独立控制眼睛的单独的单眼命令的争论相关。
Humans and many animals make frequent saccades requiring coordinated movements of the eyes. When landing on the new fixation point, the eyes must converge accurately or double images will be perceived. We asked whether the visual system uses statistical regularities in the natural environment to aid eye alignment at the end of saccades. We measured the distribution of naturally occurring disparities in different parts of the visual field. The central tendency of the distributions was crossed (nearer than fixation) in the lower field and uncrossed (farther) in the upper field in male and female participants. It was uncrossed in the left and right fields. We also measured horizontal vergence after completion of vertical, horizontal, and oblique saccades. When the eyes first landed near the eccentric target, vergence was quite consistent with the natural-disparity distribution. For example, when making an upward saccade, the eyes diverged to be aligned with the most probable uncrossed disparity in that part of the visual field. Likewise, when making a downward saccade, the eyes converged to enable alignment with crossed disparity in that part of the field. Our results show that rapid binocular eye movements are adapted to the statistics of the 3D environment, minimizing the need for large corrective vergence movements at the end of saccades. The results are relevant to the debate about whether eye movements are derived from separate saccadic and vergence neural commands that control both eyes or from separate monocular commands that control the eyes independently.