The Intersection of Wastewater Treatment Plants and Threatened and Endangered Species in California, USA Watersheds

The Intersection of Wastewater Treatment Plants and Threatened and Endangered Species in California, USA Watersheds
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美国加利福尼亚州废水处理厂与受威胁和濒危物种的交叉点

DOI:
10.1029/2022wr033976
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Regan, Helen M.
Regan, Helen M.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cassady, Anna;Anderson, Kurt E.;Schwabe, Kurt A.;Regan, Helen M.

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不断变化的气候和经常无管制的取水使全球20多亿人面临水压力。虽然水管理公司已经探索了一系列方案来减轻这种压力,但通过重复使用经过处理的城市污水来增加供应正变得越来越有吸引力。污水处理厂保护水质,防止污水污染水道。在缺水地区,这种资源越来越多地被用于满足许多人类需求(例如灌溉、饮用水、地下水补给)和保护(例如溪流和河流补给)需求。为了了解经过处理的城市污水在影响保护目标中所起的作用,我们确定了加州污水处理厂的位置与受威胁和濒危物种(T&E)出现的交叉点,并比较了污水对接收水体基流量的允许贡献,以评估污水变化对河流水体的影响程度。我们发现加州分水岭中污水处理厂的存在与T&E物种之间存在正相关--四分之一的物种在至少有一个处理厂的分水岭中有100%的活动范围。这种相关性在与梯田和河岸生境相关的物种中最大,其次是水生生境和水生新兴植被。在我们的分析中,三分之一的流域可以从污水中获得大部分累积的流域基流量,并且具有密集的城市化或农业的特点。我们的分析表明,T&E物种和污水的命运以对水政策重要的方式相互关联,这表明在做出污水回用的决策时,应该考虑物种保护目标。
A changing climate and often unregulated water extractions have exposed over 2 billion people to water stress worldwide. While water managers have explored a portfolio of options to reduce this stress, supply augmentation through reuse of treated municipal wastewater is becoming increasingly attractive. Wastewater treatment plants protect water quality and prevent sewage from contaminating waterways. Increasingly, this resource is utilized for numerous human (e.g., irrigation, drinking water, groundwater recharge) and conservation (e.g., stream and river recharge) needs in water stressed regions. To understand the role treated municipal wastewater plays in impacting conservation objectives we identified the intersection of wastewater treatment plant locations and occurrences of threatened and endangered (T&E) species in California and compared the permitted contribution of effluent to baseflow quantities of the receiving waterbody to assess the degree to which changes in effluent could affect instream waterbodies. We found a positive correlation between the presence of treatment plants and T&E species in California watersheds—a quarter of species have 100% of their range in watersheds with at least one treatment plant. This correlation is greatest for species associated with terraces and riparian habitat, followed by aquatic habitat and aquatic emergent vegetation. One‐third of watersheds in our analysis can receive most of their cumulative watershed baseflow from effluent and are characterized by dense urbanization or agriculture. Our analysis demonstrates that the fates of T&E species and effluent are interconnected in ways important for water policy, suggesting that species conservation goals should be considered when making decisions about effluent reuse.
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