Assessment of Carbon/Salt/Adhesive Electrodes for Surface Electromyography Measurements.
Assessment of Carbon/Salt/Adhesive Electrodes for Surface Electromyography Measurements.
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评估碳/盐/粘合剂电极，用于表面肌电图测量。
DOI：
10.1109/jtehm.2016.2567420
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Chon K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Posada-Quintero H;Rood R;Burnham K;Pennace J;Chon K
本文介绍了用于表面肌电(SEMG)测量的新型电极的评价。这些电极是基于碳粉、季盐和粘弹性聚合物粘合剂(碳/盐/粘合剂或简称CSA)的混合物，当它们组合在一起时，提供了独特的优势，即具有更长的(理论上无限的)货架寿命，并可能比Ag/AgCl水凝胶电极的成本更低，这与FLEXcon的专利#8 673 184一致。20名受试者使用Ag/AgCl2和CsA电极，同时记录下肱三头肌、胫前肌、二头肌和股四头肌的表面肌电信号。虽然CsA-sEMG电极在4 Hz-2 kHz的频率范围内显示出较高的电极-皮肤接触阻抗，但在松弛和收缩阶段，两种电极之间的信号幅度没有显著差异。此外，计算出的信号的线性包络(>；0.91)、均方根值包络(>；0.91)和功率谱密度(>；0.95)的相关性在两种介质之间都很高。检测到的收缩的开启和关闭时间在两种媒体之间也高度相关(>；0.9)和可互换(开启时间：偏差=−0.02，方差=0.11；关闭时间：偏差=−0.04，方差=0.23)。然而，CsA sEMG电极对噪声(38.3±10.6dBvs 32.7±15.6dBvs 32.7±15.6dBvs)和运动伪影(24.1±12.1dBvs 16.6±8.52dBvs.1.32±0.2vs.1.46±0.4)表现出更好的响应，并且频谱变形更小(1.32±0.2vs.1.46±0.4)。Ag/AgCl电极对肌电幅值的响应峰值和灵敏度分别为67.9±13.9dBvs65.4±14.6dB.考虑到前面描述的许多测量方法没有显著差异，而且CSA电极具有无限的保质期这一事实潜在地降低了成本，并且更能抵抗运动伪影，新的电极为sEMG测量提供了一种有吸引力的替代银/氯化银电极。我们开发并测试了不需要水凝胶的新型肌电电极。电极由碳/盐/粘合剂(CSA)组成。我们比较了CsA电极和标准的Ag/AgCl电极在不同肌肉收缩和松弛运动下的性能。我们发现，在所有肌肉运动过程中，两种介质之间的信号幅度、激活时间和动力学没有显著差异。此外，与Ag/AgCl电极相比，CSA电极具有更强的抗噪声和运动伪影污染能力，并且光谱失真更小。CSA电极具有无限的保质期和潜在的较低成本，是肌电银/氯化银电极的合适替代品。
This paper presents the evaluation of novel electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements. The electrodes are based on the mixture of carbon powder, quaternary salt, and viscoelastic polymeric adhesive (carbon/salt/adhesive or simply CSA), which when combined, provide the unique advantages of having longer (theoretically infinite) shelf life and potentially lower cost than Ag/AgCl hydrogel electrodes, consistent with FLEXcon’s Patent #8 673 184. The 20 subjects were recruited to collect simultaneous recordings of sEMG signals using Ag/AgCl and CSA electrodes, side-by-side on triceps brachii, tibial anterior muscles, biceps brachii, and quadriceps femoris. Although CSA sEMG electrodes showed higher electrode-skin contact impedance for the frequency range of 4 Hz–2 kHz, no significant differences were found in the signals’ amplitude between the two electrodes either during relaxation or contraction stages. Furthermore, correlations of the computed linear envelopes (>0.91), rms value envelopes (>0.91), and power spectral densities (>0.95) of the signals were found to be high between the two media. Detected ON- and OFF-times of contraction were also highly correlated (>0.9) and interchangeable (ON-time: bias = −0.02, variance = 0.11; OFF-time: bias = −0.04, variance = 0.23) between the two media. However, CSA sEMG electrodes exhibited a significantly better response to noise (38.3 ± 10.6 dB versus 32.7 ± 15.6 dB) and motion artifacts (24.1 ± 12.1 dB versus 16.6 ± 8.52 dB), and a significantly lower spectral deformation (1.32 ± 0.2 versus 1.46 ± 0.4). Ag/AgCl electrodes showed a significantly more peaked and sensitive response to EMG amplitude (67.9 ± 13.9 dB versus 65.4 ± 14.6 dB). Given no significant differences in many of the measures described earlier and the fact that CSA electrodes have an infinite shelf-life are potentially lower cost, and are more resistant to motion artifacts, the new electrodes provide an attractive alternative to Ag/AgCl electrodes for sEMG measurements. We developed and tested new EMG electrodes that do not require hydrogel. The electrode is composed of carbon/salt/adhesive (CSA). We compared the performance of CSA to the standard Ag/AgCl electrodes subjected to various muscle contractions and relaxation movements. We found no significant differences in the signals' amplitude, activation times and dynamics between two media during all muscle movements. Moreover, the CSA electrodes were found to be more resistant to noise and motion artifact contamination, and with lower spectral distortion than Ag/AgCl electrodes. CSA electrodes are potentially a suitable surrogate for Ag/AgCl electrodes for EMG with the added benefits of an infinite shelf-life and potentially lower cost.