Behavioural individuality in clonal fish arises despite near-identical rearing conditions.
Behavioural individuality in clonal fish arises despite near-identical rearing conditions.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms15361
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发表时间：
2017-05-17
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Wolf M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bierbach D;Laskowski KL;Wolf M
行为个性被认为是由基因和/或环境条件的差异引起的。因此，如果去除这些变异来源，个体预计会发展出缺乏可重复个体变异的相似表型。此外，即使在基因相同的个体中，直接的社会互动也被预测为塑造个性发展的强大因素。我们对克隆鱼亚马逊莫利鱼（Poecilia formosa）进行严格控制的个体发育实验，以测试几乎相同的饲养条件和缺乏社会接触是否会抑制个性。与我们的预测形成鲜明对比的是，我们发现（i）在出生后直接隔离到高度标准化的环境中的基因相同的个体中，出现了显着的行为个体差异；（ii）个体发育期间社会经验水平的增加不会影响个体行为差异的水平。与目前关注基因和/或环境驱动因素的研究范式相反，我们的研究结果表明，个性可能是发展的不可避免且可能不可预测的结果。理论上，经历相同环境条件的基因相同的动物应该发展出相同的行为特征。然而，比尔巴赫等人。这里表明，在严格控制的实验条件下，克隆鱼之间仍然存在行为差异。
Behavioural individuality is thought to be caused by differences in genes and/or environmental conditions. Therefore, if these sources of variation are removed, individuals are predicted to develop similar phenotypes lacking repeatable individual variation. Moreover, even among genetically identical individuals, direct social interactions are predicted to be a powerful factor shaping the development of individuality. We use tightly controlled ontogenetic experiments with clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), to test whether near-identical rearing conditions and lack of social contact dampen individuality. In sharp contrast to our predictions, we find that (i) substantial individual variation in behaviour emerges among genetically identical individuals isolated directly after birth into highly standardized environments and (ii) increasing levels of social experience during ontogeny do not affect levels of individual behavioural variation. In contrast to the current research paradigm, which focuses on genes and/or environmental drivers, our findings suggest that individuality might be an inevitable and potentially unpredictable outcome of development. Genetically-identical animals experiencing the same environmental conditions should develop, in theory, identical behavioral traits. However, Bierbach et al. show here that behavioral differences still emerge among cloned fish under tightly controlled experimental conditions.