Existential perspectives on death anxiety
Existential perspectives on death anxiety
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DOI：
10.2466/pr0.95.2.507-513
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Naboulsi, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beshai, JA;Naboulsi, MA
结构效度是坦普尔的死亡焦虑量表(1970)的标志，它在美国和世界各地产生了一系列至关重要的健康研究。本文认为，这个量表的分数提供了关于群体规范的有价值的科学知识。为了扩展死亡焦虑的概念，有必要用定性研究来补充实证研究。得分相同的人可能表现出本质上不同的对死亡的恐惧，反之亦然。完全依赖经验量表可能无法揭示“生死焦虑”的两极含义的深度。坦普尔的量表是恐惧、恐惧和对疾病、癌症、心脏病和战争的痴迷的混合体。两极的“生死焦虑”连续体要求现象学超越15项，达到“体验”的过程。该量表针对的是关于他人死亡的“想法”，尽管它的条目是第一人称单数。这提供了一个“认知-情感”结构的群体规范，在跨文化上具有有限的普遍性。手段不会揭示人与人之间或文化之间的完全有意义的比较。死亡焦虑作为“现世存在”的一种存在主义预期模式，嵌入了个体/遗传/文化母体中，这种母体可能因个体和文化而异。
Construct validity is the hallmark of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), which has generated a healthy stream of research of paramount importance in the USA and all over the world. This paper contends that scores on this scale provide valuable scientific knowledge on group norms. To expand the concept of death anxiety it is necessary to supplement empirical with qualitative research. Persons with the same scores may show qualitatively different fears of death, and vice versa. Total reliance on empirical scales may not disclose the depth of bipolar meaning in a "life-death anxiety." Templer's scale is a mixture of fears, phobias, and obsessions with thoughts of illness, cancer, heart disease, and wars. A bipolar "life-death anxiety" continuum requires phenomenology to reach beyond the 15 items to the process of "experiencing." The scale addresses "thoughts" about the death of others even though its items are cast in the first person singular. This provides group norms of a "cognitive-affective" construct, with limited generality cross-culturally. Means do not disclose fully meaningful comparisons between persons or cultures. Death Anxiety as an existential anticipatory mode of "being-in-the-world" is embedded in a personal/genetic/cultural matrix that may vary individually and culturally.