MicroRNA biogenesis and their functions in regulating stem cell potency and differentiation.
MicroRNA biogenesis and their functions in regulating stem cell potency and differentiation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12575-016-0037-y
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Yao S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yao S
干细胞是存在于胚胎和成体组织中或可以从体细胞分化细胞转化的未特化/未分化细胞。利用干细胞进行组织再生和组织工程已经成为再生医学的基石。干细胞也被认为存在于癌症组织中，即癌症干细胞（CSC）。越来越多的证据表明，肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤休眠、进展和复发的罪魁祸首，因此近年来受到了极大的关注。MicroRNA（miRNAs）是一类短的非编码RNA，以转录后方式调控多种基因的表达。它们正在成为干细胞行为的关键调节因子。本文综述了miRNAs的基本生物起源和作用方式，miRNAs在细胞重编程、干细胞分化和细胞通讯中的研究进展和发现，以及miRNAs在CSCs中的作用。简要讨论了miRNAs在未来生物医学应用和干细胞研究中的一些潜力。
Stem cells are unspecialized/undifferentiated cells that exist in embryos and adult tissues or can be converted from somatic differentiated cells. Use of stem cells for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering has been a cornerstone of the regenerative medicine. Stem cells are also believed to exist in cancer tissues, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs). Growing evidence suggests that CSCs are the culprit of cancer dormancy, progression and recurrence, and thus have recently received great attention. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short, non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of a wide range of genes at a post-transcriptional manner. They are emerging as key regulators of stem cell behaviors. This mini review summarizes the basic biogenesis and mode of actions of miRNAs, recent progress and discoveries of miRNAs in cellular reprogramming, stem cell differentiation and cellular communication, as well as miRNAs in CSCs. Some potential of miRNAs in future biomedical applications and research pertaining to stem cells are briefly discussed.