Probiotics: determinants of survival and growth in the gut
Probiotics: determinants of survival and growth in the gut
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/73.2.399s
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Bezkorovainy, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bezkorovainy, A
双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌据称对人类健康有益，被称为益生菌。近年来，人们对它们在发酵乳制品中通过人体肠道时的存活情况进行了深入研究。对成人和婴儿腹泻的良好控制的小规模研究表明，益生菌是有益的，它们存活的数量足以影响肠道微生物代谢。选定菌株的生存率估计为20-40%，生存的主要障碍是胃酸度和胆盐的作用。虽然认为如果生物体粘附于肠粘膜细胞，则可以实现最大的益生菌效果，但没有证据表明外源施用的益生菌确实粘附于粘膜细胞。相反，它们似乎进入粪便而没有粘附或繁殖。因此，为了获得连续的外源益生菌效果，必须连续摄入益生菌培养物。某些外源性给药物质可增强外源性和内源性益生菌的作用。人乳中含有许多物质，可以在体外和婴儿小肠中刺激双歧杆菌的生长;然而，它们不太可能在结肠中发挥作用。然而，乳果糖和某些含果糖的化合物（称为益生元）不会在小肠中消化，而是进入盲肠，在那里它们被益生菌选择性地利用。因此，有益效果可由外源施用的益生菌（通常与益生元一起施用）或内源性双歧杆菌和乳杆菌（其代谢活性和生长也可通过施用益生元来增强）产生。
Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are purportedly beneficial to human health and are called probiotics. Their survival during passage through the human gut, when administered in fermented milk products, has been investigated intensely in recent years. Well-controlled small-scale studies on diarrhea in both adults and infants have shown that probiotics are beneficial and that they survive in sufficient numbers to affect gut microbial metabolism. Survival rates have been estimated at 20-40% for selected strains, the main obstacles to survival being gastric acidity and the action of bile salts. Although it is believed that the maximum probiotic effect can be achieved if the organisms adhere to intestinal mucosal cells, there is no evidence that exogenously administered probiotics do adhere to the mucosal cells. Instead, they seem to pass into the feces without having adhered or multiplied Thus, to obtain a continuous exogenous probiotic effect, the probiotic culture must be ingested continually. Certain exogenously administered substances enhance the action of both exogenous and endogenous probiotics. Human milk contains many substances that stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in vitro and also in the small intestine of infants; however, it is unlikely that they function in the colon. However, lactulose and certain fructose-containing compounds, called prebiotics, are not digested in the small intestine but pass into the cecum unchanged, where they are selectively utilized by probiotics. Beneficial effects may thus accrue from exogenously administered probiotics, often administered with prebiotics, or by endogenous bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, whose metabolic activity and growth may also be enhanced by the administration of prebiotics.