Adaptations for Food-Getting in the American Blackbirds
Adaptations for Food-Getting in the American Blackbirds
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美洲黑鸟对食物获取的适应
DOI：
10.2307/4080840
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发表时间：
1951
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. J. Beecher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. J. Beecher
在过去的几年里，对美国黑鹂科（美洲黑鹂科）的仔细研究表明，它的成员几乎已经入侵了雀形目鸟类所利用的每一个食物生态位。目前的调查的头骨，法案和颌骨肌肉组织的功能修改的38个属表明，这种成功的茎最初从一般的预适应允许一个全新的方法喂养。本文首先描述了个体的摄食适应，然后在三个主要的黄疸线的每一个收敛的再现。虽然图7至图10以形态学亲缘关系树的形式给出了属的图形比较，但这里没有提供这些亲缘关系的全部证据。本文件限制自己，而严格的适应本身的性质。
A careful study of the American blackbird family (Icteridae) during the past several years reveals that its members have invaded virtually every food niche exploited by passerine birds. The present investigation of the functional modifications of skull, bill, and jaw musculature in the 38 genera suggests that this success tems initially from a general pre-adaptation permitting an entirely new method of feeding. This paper describes first the individual feeding adaptations, then their convergent re-appearance in each of the three major icterid lines. Although the graphic comparison of the genera is presented in the form of a morphological tree of relationships in Figures 7 to 10, the full evidence for these relationships is not offered here. The present paper confines itself rather strictly to the nature of the adaptations themselves.