A fresh look at space solar power: New architectures, concepts and technologies
A fresh look at space solar power: New architectures, concepts and technologies
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DOI：
10.1016/s0094-5765(98)00075-7
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发表时间：
1997-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Mankins, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mankins, JC
在过去的三十年里，人们对在太空中产生太阳能以无线传输到地面接收器的概念进行了一些深入的讨论。在新世纪的头几十年，全球电力需求预计将大幅增长--可能会从12太瓦翻一番，达到24太瓦以上。在有效管理环境影响的同时实现这种动力增长是一项关键的国际挑战。1995-1996年，美国国家航空航天局(美国航天局)对未来空间太阳能系统可能涉及的技术、系统概念和地面市场进行了一次影响深远的重新审查。这项“新鲜面貌”研究的主要目标是确定是否可以定义一种太阳能卫星(SPS)和相关系统，这种系统能够以与各种市场上的地面替代方案相同或低于地面替代方案的价格向地面电网输送能量，这样做没有重大的环境缺陷，并且可以用20世纪70年代末SPS参考系统预计的初始投资的一小部分来开发。与主要关注新兴国家合作--该研究分析了5个不同的市场和大约30个不同的SPS概念，从1979年由美国能源部和NASA定义的SPS参考概念，到涉及尚未在实验室验证的技术的非常先进的概念。在初步评估了技术和经济风险以及预计成本之后，选择了7个SSP系统架构和4个具体的SPS概念，使用为研究开发的桌面计算机建模工具进行了全面的端到端系统分析，以进行更深入的检查。确定了几个创新概念，并审议了各种新技术应用。实现初始成本目标的关键基本原则是尽可能避免与SSP特有的基础设施相关的设计、开发、测试和评估成本。有三种结构特别有希望：太阳同步近地轨道(LEO)星座、中地轨道(MEO)多倾角星座，以及一个或多个独立的地球静止地球轨道(GEO)SPS，为单个专门的地面站点服务。本文总结了“Fresh Look”研究的结果，包括体系结构、系统概念和技术。
The concept of generating solar power in space for wireless transmission to receivers on the ground has been discussed at some, length during the past three decades. During the first decades of the new century, global demand for electrical power is projected to growth dramatically-perhaps doubling from 12 terawatts to more than 24 terawatts. Achieving this power growth while managing environmental impacts effectively is a crucial international challenge. During 1995-1996, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a far-reaching reexamination of the technologies, systems concepts and terrestrial markets that might be involved in future space solar power (SSP) systems. The principal objective of this "fresh look" study was to determine whether a solar power satellite (SPS) and associated systems could be defined that could deliver energy into terrestrial electrical power grids at prices equal to or below ground alternatives in a variety of markets, do so without major environmental drawbacks, and which could be developed at a fraction of the initial investment projected for the SPS Reference System of the late 1970s.Working with a major focus on emerging nations-the study examined 5 different markets and about 30 different SPS concepts, ranging from the 1979 SPS Reference Concept defined by the US Department of Energy and NASA to very advanced concepts involving technologies which have not yet been validated in the laboratory. Following a preliminary assessment of technical and economic risks and projected costs, 7 SSP system architectures and 4 specific SPS concepts were chosen for examination in greater depth using a comprehensive, end-to-end systems analysis employing a desk-top computer modeling tool that was developed for the study. Several Innovative concepts were defined and a variety of new technology applications considered. A key ground rule to achieve initial cost goals was to avoid wherever possible the design, development, test and evaluation costs associated with SSP-unique infrastructure. Three architectures in particular were identified as promising: a sunsynchronous low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation, a middle Earth orbit (MEO) multiple-inclination constellation, and one or more stand-alone geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) SPS serving single, dedicated ground sites. This paper presents a summary of the results of the "Fresh Look" Study, including architectures, systems concepts and technologies.