Resilience in moving water: Effects of turbulence on the predatory impact of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Resilience in moving water: Effects of turbulence on the predatory impact of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
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DOI：
10.1002/lno.10642
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Colin, Sean P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jaspers, Cornelia;Costello, John H.;Colin, Sean P.
尽管其形态微妙，但作为一种有影响力的浮游动物捕食者，分叶底栖动物Mnformopsis leidyi在沿海生态系统中蓬勃发展。沿海生态系统的特点往往是水柱中有高度的自然湍流的能量系统。为了了解自然风驱动的湍流如何影响莱氏沼虾的摄食生态，我们结合使用了多种方法来量化自然湍流和实验室产生的湍流如何影响莱氏沼虾的行为、摄食过程和摄食影响。利用实验室产生的湍流进行的实验表明，湍流可以将雷氏微体对桡足类和卤虫无节幼体的摄食率降低50%。然而，在高度多变的地表条件下从野外收集的详细摄食数据显示，风力驱动的湍流并不影响莱氏沼虾的摄食率或猎物选择。更多的实验室实验和野外观测表明，莱氏沼虾的摄食过程对风驱动的湍流是有弹性的，因为莱氏沼虾在水柱中移动得更深，表现出对湍流的行为反应。在更深的水域寻求庇护使M.leidyi即使在风力驱动的混合产生的高湍流条件下也能保持高摄食率。因此，在高度多变且往往充满能量的风力驱动的混合条件下，莱氏木霉对猎物种群产生了持续的高捕食性影响。这种韧性增加了我们对M.leidyi如何在世界各地的各种环境中茁壮成长的理解。这种韧性的局限性也为其向新领域的范围扩展设定了界限。
Despite its delicate morphology, the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi thrives in coastal ecosystems as an influential zooplankton predator. Coastal ecosystems are often characterized as energetic systems with high levels of natural turbulence in the water column. To understand how natural wind-driven turbulence affects the feeding ecology of M. leidyi, we used a combination of approaches to quantify how naturally and laboratory generated turbulence affects the behavior, feeding processes and feeding impact of M. leidyi. Experiments using laboratory generated turbulence demonstrated that turbulence can reduce M. leidyi feeding rates on copepods and Artemia nauplii by > 50%. However, detailed feeding data from the field, collected during highly variable surface conditions, showed that wind-driven turbulence did not affect the feeding rates or prey selection of M. leidyi. Additional laboratory experiments and field observations suggest that the feeding process of M. leidyi is resilient to wind-driven turbulence because M. leidyi shows a behavioral response to turbulence by moving deeper in the water column. Seeking refuge in deeper waters enables M. leidyi to maintain high feeding rates even under high turbulence conditions generated by wind driven mixing. As a result, M. leidyi exerted a consistently high predatory impact on prey populations during highly variable and often energetic wind-driven mixing conditions. This resilience adds to our understanding of how M. leidyi can thrive in a wide spectrum of environments around the world. The limits to this resilience also set boundaries to its range expansion into novel areas.