Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Performance Landscape for Suction-Feeding Fishes Reveal Multiple Peaks for Different Prey Types
Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Performance Landscape for Suction-Feeding Fishes Reveal Multiple Peaks for Different Prey Types
复制标题
吸食性鱼类性能景观的水动力模拟揭示了不同猎物类型的多个峰值
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icaa021
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Karin H Olsson, Christopher H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karin H Olsson, Christopher H
形式和功能之间复杂的相互作用构成了产生和维持有机体多样性的基础。依靠吸食来捕获猎物的鱼类表现出显着的表型和营养多样性。然而，鱼类表型与不同猎物类型的摄食性能之间的关系尚不清楚，部分原因是吸食的形态、生物力学和流体动力学机制很复杂。在这里，我们展示了一个通用框架，通过将运动学变量映射到吸食能力来研究多个表型性状与性能的映射。使用基于核心物理原理的吸食机械模型，我们预测了三种一般猎物类型在广泛表型性状值上的猎物捕获性能：软体动物类猎物、桡足类猎物和鱼类类猎物。类软体动物的猎物附着在表面上，类桡足类的猎物在检测到捕食者产生的水动力扰动时试图逃跑，类鱼的猎物在捕食者进入阈值距离时试图逃跑。这种方法使我们能够评估六个关键运动学特征的任意组合的吸食性能，无论这些特征组合是否在现存物种中观察到，并生成表型与性能的多变量映射。我们使用梯度上升方法来探索每种猎物类型的性能景观的复杂地形，并找到了多个峰值的证据。与性能峰值相关的表型特征表明，不同猎物类型吸食的最佳运动学参数范围很窄并且彼此不同，这表明三种猎物类型具有不同的功能限制。这些表现景观可用于生成有关现有物种在性状空间中的分布及其在宏观进化适应度景观上朝向适应性峰值的进化轨迹的假设。
The complex interplay between form and function forms the basis for generating and maintaining organismal diversity. Fishes that rely on suction-feeding for prey capture exhibit remarkable phenotypic and trophic diversity. Yet the relationships between fish phenotypes and feeding performance on different prey types are unclear, partly because the morphological, biomechanical, and hydrodynamic mechanisms that underlie suction-feeding are complex. Here we demonstrate a general framework to investigate the mapping of multiple phenotypic traits to performance by mapping kinematic variables to suction-feeding capacity. Using a mechanistic model of suction-feeding that is based on core physical principles, we predict prey capture performance across a broad range of phenotypic trait values, for three general prey types: mollusk-like prey, copepod-like prey, and fish-like prey. Mollusk-like prey attach to surfaces, copepod-like prey attempt to escape upon detecting the hydrodynamic disturbance produced by the predator, and fish-like prey attempt to escape when the predator comes within a threshold distance. This approach allowed us to evaluate suction-feeding performance for any combination of six key kinematic traits, irrespective of whether these trait combinations were observed in an extant species, and to generate a multivariate mapping of phenotype to performance. We used gradient ascent methods to explore the complex topography of the performance landscape for each prey type, and found evidence for multiple peaks. Characterization of phenotypes associated with performance peaks indicates that the optimal kinematic parameter range for suction-feeding on different prey types are narrow and distinct from each other, suggesting different functional constraints for the three prey types. These performance landscapes can be used to generate hypotheses regarding the distribution of extant species in trait space and their evolutionary trajectories toward adaptive peaks on macroevolutionary fitness landscapes.