Physical activity in child-care centers: do teachers hold the key to the playground?
Physical activity in child-care centers: do teachers hold the key to the playground?
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DOI：
10.1093/her/cyr038
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sherman, Susan N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Copeland, Kristen A.;Kendeigh, Cassandra A.;Sherman, Susan N.
许多（56%）3-5岁的美国儿童在中心托儿，没有达到建议的身体活动水平。为了确定托儿教师/提供者认为儿童在托儿中心进行体育活动的好处和障碍，我们在俄亥俄州辛辛那提市对49名托儿教师/提供者进行了9个焦点小组和13个一对一访谈。参与者注意到体育活动对学龄前儿童的身体和社会情感的好处（例如，大肌肉运动技能的发展，掌握新技能后的自信，情绪的改善，注意力和运动后的午睡），但也注意到一些障碍，包括他们自己的个人态度（例如，低自我效能）和避免户外活动的偏好（例如，不喜欢热/冷的天气，脏，混乱的操场）。因为每个老师决定每天的日程安排，并最终决定是否带孩子们去户外，他们就像操场的守门人。参与者讨论了操场上的一系列角色，从促进者到监护人再到体育活动的阻碍者。这些发现表明，基于老师的信仰、创造力和参与程度，即使在同一设施（可能是相同的环境和政策）中，孩子们也可能有非常不同的大肌肉运动体验。
Many (56%) US children aged 3-5 years are in center-based childcare and are not obtaining recommended levels of physical activity. In order to determine what child-care teachers/providers perceived as benefits and barriers to children's physical activity in child-care centers, we conducted nine focus groups and 13 one-on-one interviews with 49 child-care teachers/providers in Cincinnati, OH. Participants noted physical and socio-emotional benefits of physical activity particular to preschoolers (e.g. gross motor skill development, self-confidence after mastery of new skills and improved mood, attention and napping after exercise) but also noted several barriers including their own personal attitudes (e.g. low self-efficacy) and preferences to avoid the outdoors (e.g. don't like hot/cold weather, getting dirty, chaos of playground). Because individual teachers determine daily schedules and ultimately make the decision whether to take the children outdoors, they serve as gatekeepers to the playground. Participants discussed a spectrum of roles on the playground, from facilitator to chaperone to physical activity inhibitor. These findings suggest that children could have very different gross motor experiences even within the same facility (with presumably the same environment and policies), based on the beliefs, creativity and level of engagement of their teacher.