Identity economics: social networks and the informal economy in Nigeria
Identity economics: social networks and the informal economy in Nigeria
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身份经济学：尼日利亚的社交网络和非正规经济
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
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通讯作者：
I. Jimu
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文献类型：
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作者：
I. Jimu
这本书是对尼日利亚东南部非正规经济中的社会网络的民族志研究。内容体现了作者在非洲非正规经济和非国家治理领域的专门知识。总体情况是，如果我们要理解社交网络在不同的空间和历史框架中是如何相关的，那么了解社交网络的形式和功能是重要的。每一点上都提出了相关的问题，并提供了发人深省的答案。我发现最有趣的是米格尔如何能够将发展利益的各种主题联系起来：种族问题、排斥政治、加速的经济自由化、制度和基础设施的衰落以及政治机会主义，这些问题一直与尼日利亚的政治和发展有关。她还提出了一个切中要害的问题，即非正规经济容易受到政策失误和国家忽视的影响。这本书由九章组成。第一章探讨了“非洲的社会网络和经济无政府状态”，特别是尼日利亚东南部。第二章回顾了有关非正式经济网络和治理问题的文献。第三章从历史的角度考察了尼日利亚东南部伊博人从殖民前、殖民时期到独立初期的经济网络。第四章论述了非正规经济劳动者在经济转型时代的经历。这里的重点是经济结构调整的挑战，以及对鞋服产业集群生产网络的影响。这本书特别关注非正规经济中的供销网络以及与正规经济的转包网络。第五章讨论非正式企业网络的重组，其特点是各种社会“纽带”的削弱，包括性别和个人纽带。第6章探讨了民间社团在填补因基于商业利益/网络的联系减弱而产生的差距方面的地位。第七章探讨了对积累和生存的追求如何与分化、排斥和网络碎片化联系在一起。第8章考察了生产者协会在服装和鞋类集群中的地位，并在每个案例中简要介绍了它们的历史、组织和职能。接下来是关于巴卡西男孩义务警员小组的发展和解散的一节。Bakassi Boys是作为对安全崩溃的草根反应而发展起来的，并设法带来了表面上的安全，但后来由于州和联邦两级的政治操纵和政治义务而放弃了最初的事业，从而遭到了州政府的抓获。这一简要说明为理解青年参与暴力冲突及其对非正规经济的影响与尼日利亚的经济和政治发展之间的联系提供了背景。最后一章转到
This book is an ethnographic study of social networks within the informal economy in southeastern Nigeria. The content manifests the expertise of the author in the areas of the informal economy and non-state governance in Africa. A general picture that emerges is the importance of understanding both the form and function of social networks if we are to appreciate how relevant social networks can be in different spatial and historical frames. At every point relevant questions are asked and thought-provoking answers are provided. What I find most interesting is how Meagher is able to link various themes of development interest: issues of ethnicity, politics of exclusion, accelerated economic liberalisation, institutional and infrastructural decay, and political opportunism that have been associated with politics and development in Nigeria. She also raises the pertinent question of the vulnerability of the informal economy to policy failure and state neglect. The book is made up of nine chapters. Chapter 1 looks into ‘Social networks and economic ungovernance in Africa’, with particular reference to southeastern Nigeria. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on informal economic networks and questions of governance. Chapter 3 takes a historical perspective to examine economic networks among the Igbo of southeastern Nigeria from pre-colonial through colonial to the early years of Independence. Chapter 4 addresses the experiences of informal-economy workers in the era of economic restructuring. The focus here is on the challenges of economic restructuring, and the impacts on production networks in the shoe and garment clusters. The book pays particular attention to supply and marketing networks within the informal economy and subcontracting networks with the formal economy. Chapter 5 turns to the restructuring of informal enterprise networks characterised by the weakening of various social ‘ties’, including gender and personal ties. Chapter 6 examines the place of popular associations in filling gaps arising from the weakening of ties based on business interests/networks. Chapter 7 explores how the quest for accumulation and survival has been linked to differentiation, exclusion and network fragmentation. Chapter 8 examines the place of producer associations in the garment and shoe clusters, providing in each case a brief account of their history, organisation and functions. This is followed by a section on the development and disbanding of the Bakassi Boys Vigilante Group. The Bakassi Boys developed as a grassroots response to the breakdown of security and managed to bring a semblance of security, but later suffered state capture when the original cause was abandoned due to political manipulation and political imperatives at the state and federal levels. This brief account provides a context for understanding the connection between youth involvement in violent conflict and its impact on the informal economy and Nigeria’s economic and political development. The last chapter turns