Sex differences in the subjective and reinforcing effects of cigarette nicotine dose
Sex differences in the subjective and reinforcing effects of cigarette nicotine dose
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-002-1168-1
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Caggiula, AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perkins, KA;Jacobs, L;Caggiula, AR
理由：一些关于新型尼古丁输送方法的研究表明，尼古丁本身对女性的增强作用可能不如男性。然而，吸烟对尼古丁剂量增强作用的性别差异却很少受到关注。目的：将吸烟的主观影响和强化效应中的性别差异作为两种香烟尼古丁“剂量”水平的函数进行检查（中度 - 受试者首选品牌，大于或等于 0.7 毫克产量；低 - 卡尔顿“超轻”，0.1 毫克产量）。方法：男性和女性吸烟者（n = 30）参加了三个会议，前两个涉及独立评估（仅一个品牌可用），第三个涉及同时评估（两个品牌均可用），对两个卷烟品牌进行主观评分（例如“喜欢”）和强化。受试者对每支香烟的品牌一无所知，并且受试者在每次治疗前过夜戒烟。强化是通过计算机任务的反应来确定的，以获得指定香烟的单次抽吸。结果：正如预期的那样，在独立和并行评估条件下，低剂量与中剂量香烟尼古丁之间的主观评分有所不同。值得注意的是，女性的剂量差异小于男性（即剂量相互作用的显着性别差异）。女性对烟雾强化的剂量效应也比男性小，但仅限于独立且非同时评估的条件下。结论：这些结果表明，与男性相比，香烟尼古丁剂量对女性吸烟的主观影响较小，并且在某些情况下会增强吸烟的影响。
Rationale: Some research with novel nicotine delivery methods suggests that nicotine itself may be less reinforcing in women than in men. However, sex differences in the reinforcing effects of nicotine dose via cigarette smoking have received little attention. Objectives: Sex differences in the subjective and reinforcing effects of smoking were examined as a function of two cigarette nicotine "dose" levels (moderate - subjects' preferred brand, greater than or equal to0.7 mg yield; low - Carlton "ultralight", 0.1 mg yield). Methods: Male and female smokers (n=30) participated in three sessions, the first two involving independent assessment (only one brand available), and the third involving concurrent assessment (both brands available), of subjective ratings (e.g. "liking") and reinforcement for the two cigarette brands. Subjects were blind to the brand of each cigarette, and subjects abstained overnight prior to each session. Reinforcement was determined by responses on a computer task to earn single puffs on the designated cigarette. Results: Subjective ratings differed between the low versus moderate cigarette nicotine dose under both independent and concurrent assessment conditions, as expected. Notably, this dose difference was smaller in women than in men (i.e. significant sex by dose interactions). The dose effect on smoke reinforcement also was smaller in women than men, but only under the independent and not concurrent assessment condition. Conclusions: These results indicate that cigarette nicotine dose is a less important influence on the subjective and, under some conditions, reinforcing effects of smoking in women than in men.