Morphological evidence for the phylogeny of Cetacea.
Morphological evidence for the phylogeny of Cetacea.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1025552007291
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Sanders, Albert E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geisler, Jonathan H.;Sanders, Albert E.
对 54 个现存和灭绝的鲸类分类单元进行的分支分析，获得 304 个形态特征，支持齿鲸类、须鲸类、自鲸类和鲸类为单系。正如一些（但不是全部）分子研究表明的那样，强制Mysticeti 和Physeteridae 之间存在姐妹群关系需要额外的72 个步骤。与最近的分子研究一致，形态学数据将现存须鲸分为两个分支：鲸鱼总科（Eschrichtiidae + Balaenopteridae）和鲸鱼总科（Balaenidae + Neobalaenidae）。鲸齿兽亚科 (Cetotheriopsinae) 从鲸齿兽科 (Cetotheriidae) 中移除，提升为鲸齿兽科 (Cetotheriopsidae)，并置于囊兽总科 (Eomysticetoidea) 内。所有现存的须鲸类和所有鲸目兽都被归入新的须鲸目，其诊断依据有许多形态学特征，包括岩骨大疱与外鼓大疱的前突和后突融合、上颚明显的正中龙骨以及大疱乙状突腹侧边缘的缺失。这项研究中最简约的树中齿鲸类的许多进化枝与最近的系统发育分析不一致。例如，Platanistidae 与已灭绝的齿鲸科 Squalodontidae 和 Squalodelphinidae 没有密切关系。相反，它与现存的河栖齿鲸（即 Lipotes、Inia）关系更密切，表明齿鲸曾单一扩散到淡水栖息地。我们发现了几个支持Physeteroidea（Physeteridae + Ziphiidae）的特征，通过一些分子和一些形态学分析，该分类群被认为是并系群。对齿鲸类内部系统发育缺乏一致意见表明需要进行额外的分析，包括分子和解剖数据以及现存和灭绝的类群。
A cladistic analysis of 54 extant and extinct cetacean taxa scored for 304 morphological characters supports a monophyletic Odontoceti, Mysticeti, Autoceta, and Cetacea. Forcing a sister-group relationship between Mysticeti and Physeteridae, as suggested by some, but not all, molecular studies, requires an additional 72 steps. In agreement with recent molecular studies, morphological data divide extant mysticetes into two clades: Balaenopteroidea (Eschrichtiidae + Balaenopteridae) and Balaenoidea (Balaenidae + Neobalaenidae). Cetotheriopsinae is removed from Cetotheriidae, elevated to Family Cetotheriopsidae, and placed within the Superfamily Eomysticetoidea. All extant mysticetes and all cetotheriids are placed in a new Parvorder Balaenomorpha, which is diagnosed by many morphological characters, including fusion of the anterior and posterior processes of petrosal to ectotympanic bulla, pronounced median keel on palate, and absence of ventral margin of sigmoid process of bulla. Many of the clades within Odontoceti in the most parsimonious trees of this study are at odds with recent phylogenetic analyses. For example, Platanistidae is not closely related to the extinct odontocete families Squalodontidae and Squalodelphinidae. Instead, it is more closely related to extant river-dwelling odontocetes (i.e., Lipotes, Inia), suggesting a single dispersal of odontocetes into freshwater habitats. We found several characters to support Physeteroidea (Physeteridae + Ziphiidae), a taxon considered paraphyletic by several molecular and some morphological analyses. Lack of agreement on the phylogeny within Odontoceti indicates that additional analyses, which include molecular and anatomical data as well as extant and extinct taxa, are needed.