Breakfast Dietary Patterns among Mexican Children Are Related to Total-Day Diet Quality
Breakfast Dietary Patterns among Mexican Children Are Related to Total-Day Diet Quality
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.116.239780
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Popkin, Barry M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Afeiche, Myriam C.;Taillie, Lindsey Smith;Popkin, Barry M.
背景：过去几十年来，墨西哥的粮食供应和消费模式经历了从传统饮食到含有更多高能量密度食物的转变，导致儿童和成人形成不健康的饮食模式。然而，据我们所知，尚不清楚早餐消费模式是否会影响墨西哥儿童的整体日常饮食。 目的：我们比较了早餐消费者和不吃早餐的人的全天饮食，确定并调查了与早餐和全天能量和营养摄入相关的早餐饮食模式，并检查了这些模式与社会人口特征的关系。方法：使用 2012 年墨西哥国家健康和营养调查中的全国代表性膳食数据（一项 24 小时回顾），对 3760 名通过聚类分析，4-13 岁的孩子被分为互斥的早餐模式。使用多元线性回归研究了早餐模式和不吃早餐与早餐和全天饮食摄入量之间的关联。结果：大多数儿童 (83%) 吃早餐。确定了六种早餐饮食模式（牛奶和甜面包、玉米饼和豆类、甜饮料、三明治和油炸玉米粉饼、鸡蛋、麦片和牛奶），反映了传统和更西化的饮食模式。含糖饮料的消费模式多种多样。与所有早餐饮食模式相比，不吃早餐的几种公共健康营养素的摄入量最低。早餐时限制的高营养素往往在全天中含量较高，反之亦然，鼓励营养素的摄入量也较高。结论：没有一种模式完全符合墨西哥学校早餐指南，但通过鼓励更多的全谷物、水果、蔬菜和豆类来增加膳食纤维以及减少钠和含糖饮料等变化可以支持遵守这些目标并提高整体饮食质量。
Background: Mexico has experienced shifts in food availability and consumption patterns over the past few decades from traditional diets to those containing more high-energy density foods, resulting in the development of unhealthful dietary patterns among children and adults. However, to our knowledge it is not known whether breakfast consumption patterns contribute to the overall daily diet of Mexican children.Objective: We examined total-day diet among breakfast consumers compared with breakfast skippers, identified and investigated breakfast dietary patterns in relation to energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast and across the day, and examined these patterns in relation to sociodemographic characteristics.Methods: With the use of nationally representative dietary data (one 24-h recall) from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, 3760 children aged 4-13 y were categorized into mutually exclusive breakfast patterns with the use of cluster analysis. The association between breakfast patterns and breakfast skippers with dietary intake at breakfast and for the total day was investigated with the use of multivariate linear regression.Results: Most children (83%) consumed breakfast. Six breakfast dietary patterns were identified (milk and sweetened breads, tortillas and beans, sweetened beverages, sandwiches and quesadillas, eggs, and cereal and milk) and reflected both traditional and more Westernized dietary patterns. Sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed across all patterns. Compared with all breakfast dietary patterns, breakfast skippers had the lowest intake of several nutrients of public health concern. Nutrients to limit that were high at breakfast tended to be high for the total day and vice versa for nutrients to encourage.Conclusions: There was not a single pattern that complied perfectly with the Mexican School Breakfast Guidelines, but changes such as increasing dietary fiber by encouraging more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beans and reducing sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages could support compliance with these targets and improve overall diet quality.