Surface Appendages of Archaea: Structure, Function, Genetics and Assembly
Surface Appendages of Archaea: Structure, Function, Genetics and Assembly
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/life3010086
复制
发表时间：
2013-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Siu, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jarrell, Ken F.;Ding, Yan;Siu, Sarah
已知代表古菌域不同亚群的生物具有不寻常的表面结构。这些可以包括微生物所特有的微生物，如套管和hami，以及古菌（古生鞭毛）和各种类型的皮利，它们表面上与细菌中的同名物相似，但有显着差异。在古菌和皮利的研究中，特别是利用模式生物和最近开发的先进遗传工具，取得了重大进展。IV型菌毛组装模型通常用于几种古细菌表面结构，包括古细菌、某些皮利和称为结合体的糖结合结构。此外，有广泛的翻译后修饰的古菌蛋白和菌毛蛋白与N-连接的聚糖，与一些含有新的糖。生物膜表面结构涉及多种功能，如游泳、附着于表面、细胞与细胞接触导致遗传转移、生物膜形成和可能的细胞间通讯。有时候，功能是相互依赖于其他表面结构。这些结构及其组装的调节是重要的特征，允许各种嗜热嗜酸菌，嗜热嗜热菌，嗜盐嗜热菌和厌氧菌在通常由该域成员居住的极端环境中生存和茁壮成长。
Organisms representing diverse subgroupings of the Domain Archaea are known to possess unusual surface structures. These can include ones unique to Archaea such as cannulae and hami as well as archaella (archaeal flagella) and various types of pili that superficially resemble their namesakes in Bacteria, although with significant differences. Major advances have occurred particularly in the study of archaella and pili using model organisms with recently developed advanced genetic tools. There is common use of a type IV pili-model of assembly for several archaeal surface structures including archaella, certain pili and sugar binding structures termed bindosomes. In addition, there are widespread posttranslational modifications of archaellins and pilins with N-linked glycans, with some containing novel sugars. Archaeal surface structures are involved in such diverse functions as swimming, attachment to surfaces, cell to cell contact resulting in genetic transfer, biofilm formation, and possible intercellular communication. Sometimes functions are co-dependent on other surface structures. These structures and the regulation of their assembly are important features that allow various Archaea, including thermoacidophilic, hyperthermophilic, halophilic, and anaerobic ones, to survive and thrive in the extreme environments that are commonly inhabited by members of this domain.