Developments of Engineering Model of the X-ray CCD Camera of the MAXI Experiment onboard the International Space Station
Developments of Engineering Model of the X-ray CCD Camera of the MAXI Experiment onboard the International Space Station
复制标题
国际空间站MAXI实验X射线CCD相机工程模型研制
DOI：
10.1016/s0168-9002(02)00433-3
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
I. Tanaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Miyata;C. Natsukari;T. Kamazuka;D. Akutsu;Hirohiko Kouno;H. Tsunemi;M. Matsuoka;H. Tomida;S. Ueno;K. Hamaguchi;I. Tanaka
MAXI，全天空x射线图像监视器，是位于国际空间站（ISS）日本实验舱（JEM）暴露设施（EF）上的x射线天文台。MAXI是一种狭缝扫描相机，由两种x射线探测器组成：一种是总面积约5000 cm2的一维位置敏感比例计数器，即气体狭缝相机（GSC），另一种是总面积约200 cm2的x射线CCD阵列，即固态狭缝相机（SSC）。GSC对视场的角维为1°×180°，而SSC对视场的角维为1°乘以略小于180°。在一个站轨道的过程中，MAXI可以扫描几乎整个天空，精度为1°，x射线能量范围为0.5-30 keV。我们已经为SSC的所有组件开发了一个工程模型（EM）。他们的性能测试正在进行中。我们还开发了几种由不同晶圆制成的ccd。由于国际空间站的热条件不适合CCD工作，在任务寿命结束时，CCD的工作温度估计为- 85°到- 50°C。因此，我们需要仔细选择CCD，不仅要考虑检测效率和读出噪声，还要考虑暗电流。在这里，我们报告了SSC的EM和ccd的x射线响应性的现状。
MAXI, Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, is an X-ray observatory on the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM) Exposed Facility (EF) on the International Space Station (ISS). MAXI is a slit scanning camera which consists of two kinds of X-ray detectors: one is a one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counter with a total area of ∼5000 cm2, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC), and the other is an X-ray CCD array with a total area ∼200 cm2, the Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC). The GSC subtends a field of view with an angular dimension of 1°×180° while the SSC subtends a field of view with an angular dimension of 1° times a little less than 180°. In the course of one station orbit, MAXI can scan almost the entire sky with a precision of 1° and with an X-ray energy range 0.5–30 keV . We have developed an engineering model (EM) for all components of the SSC. Their performance test is underway. We have also developed several kinds of CCDs fabricated from different wafers. Since the thermal condition of the ISS is not suitable for the CCD operation, the operating temperature of the CCD is estimated to be −85° to −50°C at the end of mission life. We therefore carefully need to choose CCD considering not only detection efficiency and readout noise but also the dark current. Here we report the current status of the EM of the SSC and the X-ray responsivity of CCDs.