Nerve growth factor.
Nerve growth factor.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.187.4172.113
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发表时间：
1975-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
R. Levi-Montalcini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Levi-Montalcini
神经生长因子（NGF）是一种信号蛋白[4]和生长因子，涉及广泛的发育和维持功能。神经生长因子是在20世纪50年代通过一系列关于小鸡神经系统发育的实验发现的。自发现以来，已发现NGF在整个发育和成年期的各种组织中起作用。它与免疫功能、应激反应、神经维持和神经退行性疾病有关。它因其在胚胎发育期间神经系统的生长和组织中发挥的关键作用而得名[6]。这个发现是分几个步骤进行的。小鼠肉瘤180被发现具有神经生长特性。Rita Levi-Montalcini [7]与Viktor Hamburger [8]一起工作，发现在肿瘤存在的情况下，鸡[5]的交感神经节和感觉神经节在体内[9]异常生长。这项研究的结论为肿瘤的作用留下了两种选择：它可能直接刺激神经节的神经生长，或者它可能只是破坏了正常的发育，间接地增加了神经纤维的发育。Levi-Montalcini在体外对各种肿瘤的影响进行了研究[10]，以分离肿瘤和神经节的影响。她证明了特定的肿瘤能够诱导神经生长。Levi-Montalcini进行的实验表明，NGF是可扩散的，揭示了肿瘤从未与它们刺激的神经节直接接触。下一步是分离神经生长因子的提取物，以显示仅物质本身的活性。生物化学家斯坦利·科恩（Stanley Cohen）加入了汉堡的实验室，并成功地纯化了NGF。他还确定该因子主要由蛋白质和一些核酸组成。某些类型的蛇毒[12]含有一种降解核酸的酶。科恩使用这种蛇毒[12]来确定这种蛋白质是否是核蛋白，这需要核酸才能发挥作用。当蛇毒混合物被添加到神经节时，观察到更多的生长，相反神经生长因子（NGF）是一种信号蛋白和生长因子，涉及广泛的发育和维持功能。NGF是在20世纪50年代通过一系列关于鸡神经系统发育的实验发现的。自发现以来，已发现NGF在整个发育和成年期的各种组织中起作用。它与免疫功能、应激反应、神经维持和神经退行性疾病有关。它因其在胚胎发育期间在神经系统的生长和组织中发挥的关键作用而命名。
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling protein [4] and growth factor implicated in a wide range of development and maintenance functions. NGF was discovered through a series of experiments in the 1950s on the development of the chick [5] nervous system. Since its discovery, NGF has been found to act in a variety of tissues throughout development and adulthood. It has been implicated in immune function, stress response, nerve maintenance, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It is named for its effect on the critical role it plays in the growth and organization [6] of the nervous system during embryonic development. The discovery proceeded in several steps. Mouse sarcoma 180 was discovered to have nerve growth properties. Rita Levi-Montalcini [7] , working with Viktor Hamburger [8] , showed the abnormal growth in vivo [9] of chick [5] sympathetic and sensory ganglia in the presence of that tumor. The conclusions of this study left two options for the action of the tumor: it may have acted directly to stimulate nerve growth of the ganglia or it may simply have disrupted the normal development, indirectly allowing increased development of the nerve fibers. Levi-Montalcini conducted a study on the effects of various tumors in vitro [10] to isolate the effect of the tumor and the ganglia. She demonstrated that specific tumors were capable of inducing nerve growth. The experiments conducted by Levi-Montalcini demonstrated that NGF was diffusible, by revealing that the tumors never made direct contact with the ganglia they stimulated. The next step was to isolate an extract of NGF to show the activity of only the substance itself. Stanley Cohen [11] , a biochemist, joined Hamburger’s lab and successfully purified NGF. He also determined the factor to be mostly composed of protein with some nucleic acids. Certain types of snake [12] venom contain an enzyme that degrades nucleic acids. Cohen used this snake [12] venom to determine whether this protein was a nucleoprotein, which would require nucleic acids for function. When the snake [12] venom mixture was added to ganglia, even more growth was observed, contrary Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a signaling protein and growth factor implicated in a wide range of development and maintenance functions. NGF was discovered through a series of experiments in the 1950s on the development of the chick nervous system. Since its discovery, NGF has been found to act in a variety of tissues throughout development and adulthood. It has been implicated in immune function, stress response, nerve maintenance, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It is named for its effect on the critical role it plays in the growth and organization of the nervous system during embryonic development.