Sex determination by ultrasound: ethical challenges of sex ratio imbalances and invidious discrimination
Sex determination by ultrasound: ethical challenges of sex ratio imbalances and invidious discrimination
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超声波性别鉴定：性别比例失衡和歧视的伦理挑战
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Laurence B. McCullough
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Chervenak;Laurence B. McCullough
在该杂志 1996 年的一篇社论中，我们认为性别鉴定应该作为超声检查的一部分进行常规提供。我们的这一论点是基于对孕妇自主权的尊重，并且没有任何令人信服的论据来限制她基于自主权的权利，即获得了解胎儿性别的机会。我们还强调，尊重孕妇的自主权意味着其他人，包括她的丈夫，只有在她明确许可的情况下才应该被告知胎儿性别1。从那时起，针对通过超声波或其他方式进行性别鉴定的两种道德反对意见已变得相当突出。首先是一些国家性别比例严重失衡造成的社会混乱和潜在危害。第二个是性别认同可能会鼓励或强化对人类基于性别的歧视，而与比例失衡带来的潜在社会危害无关。在这里，我们对每一个都进行了伦理分析。
In a 1996 editorial in the Journal, we argued that sex identification should be offered routinely as part of the ultrasound examination. We based this argument on respect for the pregnant woman’s autonomy and the absence of any compelling arguments to limit her autonomy-based right to be offered the opportunity to learn the fetus’s sex. We also emphasized that respect for the pregnant woman’s autonomy means that others, including her husband, should be informed about fetal sex only with her explicit permission1. Since that time, two ethical objections against sex identification, by ultrasound or other means, have come to considerable prominence. The first is the social disruption and potential harm that result from large sex ratio imbalances in some countries. The second is the potential for sex identification to encourage or reinforce discrimination against human beings based on their gender, independently of potential social harm from ratio imbalances. Here we provide an ethical analysis of each.