Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily: Understanding the complexities
Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily: Understanding the complexities
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/131.2.487s
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kantor, LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krebs-Smith, SM;Kantor, LS
2000年版的《营养与健康：美国人膳食指南》是第一个专门针对水果和蔬菜的建议，除了谷物。本文讨论了膳食指南中的这些变化，总结了有关水果和蔬菜摄入量及其相关因素的评估方法，并回顾了目前水平和趋势的数据。最近在衡量美国总食品供应量和个人消费量方面的方法学进展允许更好地估计建议可以进行比较。个人摄入量的数据表明：美国人的水果和蔬菜摄入量接近最低建议水平;为了与基于能量的建议保持一致，他们每天必须多摄入2份;深绿色和深黄色蔬菜占总量的比例很小。水果和蔬菜的消费量似乎在增加，但只是略有增加，这种增加可能只是人口结构变化的一个人为因素。一些研究表明，与其他家庭相比，贫穷的中心城市和人口稀少的农村地区的低收入家庭往往更难进入食品商店，而且食品价格，包括水果和蔬菜价格更高。在总体水平上，供应足够的水果和蔬菜，以满足所有美国人的饮食建议，消费者将需要调整美国农业生产，贸易，营销做法和这些商品的价格。
The 2000 edition of Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans is the first to include a recommendation aimed specifically at fruits and vegetables, apart from grains. This paper discusses these changes in the Dietary Guidelines, summarizes the methods of assessment pertaining to fruit and vegetable intakes and their related factors, and reviews the data available on current levels and trends over time. Recent methodological advances in the measurement of both the aggregate U.S. food supply and foods consumed by individuals have allowed for better estimates with which recommendations can be compared. The data on individual intakes suggest the following: Americans are consuming fruits and vegetables at a level near the minimum recommendations; to be in concordance with energy-based recommendations, they would have to consume similar to2 more servings per day; and dark green and deep yellow vegetables are accounting for a disproportionately small share of the total. Fruit and vegetable consumption appears to be rising, but only slightly, and this increase might be only an artifact of shifts in the population demographics. A number of studies suggest that tow income households in poor central cities and sparsely populated rural areas often have less access to food stores and face higher prices for food, including fruits and vegetables, compared with other households. At the aggregate level, supplying enough fruits and vegetables to meet dietary recommendations for all U.S, consumers would require adjustments in U.S. agricultural production, trade, marketing practices and prices of these commodities.