Initial immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: innate immune response.
Initial immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: innate immune response.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/413465
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sotelo J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernández-Pedro NY;Espinosa-Ramirez G;de la Cruz VP;Pineda B;Sotelo J
多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种中枢神经系统炎症、脱髓鞘和神经退行性疾病。 MS 的标志是脱髓鞘斑块，该斑块由界限分明的细胞减少区域组成，其特征是髓磷脂缺失、星形细胞疤痕形成以及集中在由 T 细胞、B 淋巴细胞、浆细胞和巨噬细胞组成的血管周围空间的单核细胞浸润。驻留细胞的激活会引发炎症级联反应，导致组织破坏、脱髓鞘和神经功能缺损。导致自身反应性 T 细胞激活髓鞘成分的免疫现象是环境和遗传背景之间多重复杂相互作用的结果，从而赋予个体易感性。在中枢神经系统内，即使没有任何明显的微生物参与，也观察到 MS 期间 TLR 表达增加。在本综述中，我们重点关注先天免疫系统（生物体的第一道防线）作为交叉反应的促进者和介导者的作用，这些交叉反应产生分子拟态，通过多发性硬化症的适应性细胞毒性反应触发炎症反应。
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The hallmark to MS is the demyelinated plaque, which consists of a well-demarcated hypocellular area characterized by the loss of myelin, the formation of astrocytic scars, and the mononuclear cell infiltrates concentrated in perivascular spaces composed of T cells, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Activation of resident cells initiates an inflammatory cascade, leading to tissue destruction, demyelination, and neurological deficit. The immunological phenomena that lead to the activation of autoreactive T cells to myelin sheath components are the result of multiple and complex interactions between environment and genetic background conferring individual susceptibility. Within the CNS, an increase of TLR expression during MS is observed, even in the absence of any apparent microbial involvement. In the present review, we focus on the role of the innate immune system, the first line of defense of the organism, as promoter and mediator of cross reactions that generate molecular mimicry triggering the inflammatory response through an adaptive cytotoxic response in MS.