Bovine colostrum: Changes in lipid constituents in the first 5 days after parturition
Bovine colostrum: Changes in lipid constituents in the first 5 days after parturition
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2013-7517
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Degano, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Contarini, G.;Povolo, M.;Degano, L.
尽管对初乳中的蛋白质成分有很大的兴趣，但脂肪在提供必需营养素以提供能量、增加新陈代谢和保护新生小牛免受微生物感染方面也起着重要作用。本工作旨在阐明初乳中不同脂肪组分的水平，特别是脂肪酸（FA）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇和磷脂含量。在分娩后的前5天收集在室内饲喂相同口粮的初产和经产（3-5次哺乳期）荷斯坦母畜的初乳样本，进行分析，并与在哺乳期5个月时收集的相同奶牛的牛奶样本进行比较。在第一个5天的挤奶脂肪含量没有变化。但短链饱和脂肪酸的比例增加，长链脂肪酸的比例下降。产犊第一天的n-3 FA浓度高于其他天数，在数量和类型上存在明显差异。从第1天到第5天，共轭亚油酸异构体和反式FA缓慢增加，在哺乳期5个月时达到最大值。随着哺乳期的进展，观察到TG的分布特征的变化，从D 1的高碳数TG（C48-50）的患病率到D 5的双峰分布（C38和C50的最大值）的转变，泌乳中期牛奶的特征。产犊后1小时内胆固醇含量较高，48小时内迅速下降。初乳采样的第1天也有很高的磷脂含量。磷脂酰乙醇胺和鞘磷脂，分别较低和较高的第一个5天比中期泌乳牛奶。还考虑了泌乳次数对初乳脂肪组成的影响，并获得了所有FA组（多不饱和和n-6 FA除外）和TG含量的显着结果。
Despite the great interest paid to protein components in colostrum, fat also plays an important role in the supply of essential nutrients to provide energy, increase metabolism, and protect the newborn calf against microbial infections. This work aimed to elucidate levels of different fat components in colostrum, in particular fatty acid (FA), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and phospholipid contents. Colostrum samples from primiparous and multiparous (3-5 lactations) Holstein dams, fed the same ration indoors, were collected on the first 5 d after parturition, analyzed, and compared with milk samples from the same cows collected at 5 mo of lactation. Fat content during the first 5 d of milking did not vary. However, the proportion of short-chain saturated FA increased and that of long-chain FA decreased. The concentration of n-3 FA was higher on the first day of calving than on the other days, with clear differences in the number and type of n-3 FA. Conjugated linoleic isomers and trans FA slowly increased from,d 1 to 5, reaching a maximum at 5 mo of lactation. Changes in the distribution profile of TG were observed as lactation progressed, with a shift from a prevalence of high-carbon-number TG (C48-50) on d 1 to a bimodal distribution (maxima at C38 and C50) on d 5, characteristic of mid-lactation milk. Cholesterol content was high in the first hours after calving and rapidly decreased within 48 h. Colostrum sampled on d 1 also had a high content of phospholipids. Phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin were, respectively, lower and higher in the first 5 d than in mid-lactation milk. The influence of lactation number on colostrum fat composition was also considered and significant results were obtained for all FA groups (except for polyunsaturated and n-6 FA) and TG content.