Composition, placement, and economics of rural microgrids for ensuring sustainable development
Composition, placement, and economics of rural microgrids for ensuring sustainable development
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.segan.2017.10.001
复制
发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Ustun, Taha Selim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hubble, Andrew Harrison;Ustun, Taha Selim
世界上近20%的人口没有足够的可靠电力供应，而且人口增长率超过了电气化率。农村和发展中社区对电力的需求不断增长，现在可以将获得电力视为必需品，而不是奢侈品。缺乏电气化导致了循环贫困、儿童死亡率，并阻碍了教育，导致发达国家和发展中国家之间的鸿沟进一步扩大。集中式发电和配电系统不适合传输距离很远的农村地区，也不适合大型集中式发电厂的资本成本难以维持的发展中地区。这项工作探讨了能源生产和储存的实用性，利用HOMER作为优化工具，覆盖了地球仪的很大一部分。基于实际发展中的农村使用的多个负载配置文件被用来创建各种社区场景，并通过各种发电和存储选项优化需求。每个模型都利用了基于位置的辐射、风和燃料价格。发展电气化的目标有两个：第一，提供负担得起的可靠电力，第二，探索以环境可持续的方式发电的各种途径。论文中所代表的网站-每个国家一个-根据收入指标表示处于不同发展状态的社区。最终，辐照度、风速和柴油价格的相对功率可以被编译成一个单一的指数，以确定一个社区是否应该接入电网，或者拥有一个独立的微电网。从经济角度来看，这个盈亏平衡点很短，并且有利于许多农村地区的独立微电网。此外，社区是否应该考虑完全可再生能源，或混合可再生能源和柴油发电源是高度可预测的，仅基于几个指标，在许多情况下，对能源的平准化成本影响不大。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Nearly 20% of the world's population does not have adequate access to reliable- or any- electricity, and population growth is exceeding electrification rates. The desire for power in rural and developing communities is growing continuously, and access to electricity can now be considered a necessity, not an extravagance. Lack of electrification contributes to cyclic poverty, child mortality, and hampers education, leading to an even greater divide between the developed and developing worlds. Centralized generation and distribution systems are not suited to rural areas where transmission distances are great, nor developing areas where the capital cost of large centralized generation plants is untenable. This work examines the practicality of energy production and storage, covering a large portion of the globe utilizing HOMER as an optimization tool. Multiple load profiles based on actual developing rural usage were used to create a variety of community scenarios, and the demand was optimized with a variety of generation and storage options. Every model utilizes location- based radiance, wind, and fuel prices. The goal of developing electrification is twofold: First, to provide affordable and reliable electricity, and the second is to explore every avenue of generating that electricity in an environmentally sustainable way. The sites represented in the paper- one from each country- signify communities in various states of development based on an earnings metric. Ultimately, the relative power of irradiance, wind speeds, and diesel prices can be compiled into a single index to determine whether a community should tie into the grid, or have a standalone microgrid. This break- even point from an economic standpoint is short, and favors independent microgrids in many rural areas. Additionally, whether a community should consider completely renewable energy, or mixed renewable and diesel generation sources is highly predictable based on only a few metrics, and in many circumstances, makes little impact to the levelized cost of energy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.