Sewage sludge treated with metal nanomaterials inhibits earthworm reproduction more strongly than sludge treated with metal metals in bulk/salt forms
Sewage sludge treated with metal nanomaterials inhibits earthworm reproduction more strongly than sludge treated with metal metals in bulk/salt forms
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/c6en00280c
复制
发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Lahive;M. Matzke;M. Durenkamp;A. Lawlor;S. Thacker;M. Pereira;D. Spurgeon;J. Unrine;C. Svendsen;S. Lofts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Lahive;M. Matzke;M. Durenkamp;A. Lawlor;S. Thacker;M. Pereira;D. Spurgeon;J. Unrine;C. Svendsen;S. Lofts
将蚯蚓暴露于用纳米材料（ENM）或金属/离子盐处理的污水处理厂（WWTP）的污水污泥改良的土壤中。在WWTP进水中不添加金属（对照）、添加离子型ZnO、AgNO 3和大块（微米级）TiO 2（离子金属处理）或添加ZnO、Ag和TiO 2 ENM（ENM处理）的情况下产生污水污泥。砂壤土与处理后的污水污泥和老化的室外蒸渗仪6个月的修改。蚯蚓暴露于老化的混合物和混合物的稀释液（使用对照土壤-污泥混合物）。在同一土壤中分别暴露于合成的ENM和离子金属盐（Zn/Ag单独）。蚯蚓繁殖抑制90%，在高金属ENM处理和22-27%，在离子金属和低金属ENM土壤污泥处理。根据土壤污泥中的总金属浓度，合成金属盐和ENM暴露预测锌对土壤污泥中观察到的毒性比银更大。蚯蚓从高金属ENM治疗积累显着更多的银比其他治疗，而总锌浓度在蚯蚓的范围内的锌调节所有治疗。这项研究表明，目前的锌限制，以提供保护离子金属形式可能无法保护土壤生物群的金属输入到污水处理厂的ENM形式。
Earthworms were exposed to soils amended with sewage sludges from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treated with nanomaterials (ENMs) or metal/ionic salts. Sewage sludges were generated with either no metal added to the WWTP influent (control), ionic ZnO, AgNO3 and bulk (micron sized) TiO2 added (ionic metal-treated) or ZnO, Ag and TiO2 ENMs added (ENM-treated). A sandy-loam soil was amended with the treated sewage sludge and aged in outdoor lysimeters for six months. Earthworms were exposed to the aged mixtures and a dilution of the mixtures (using control soil–sludge mix). Separate earthworm exposures to as-synthesized ENM and ionic metals salts (Zn/Ag singly) were carried out in the same soil. Earthworm reproduction was depressed by 90% in the high-metal ENM treatment and by 22–27% in the ionic metal and low-metal ENM soil–sludge treatments. Based on total metal concentrations in the soil–sludges the as-synthesised metal salt and ENM exposures predicted Zn was driving observed toxicity in the soil–sludge more than Ag. Earthworms from the high-metal ENM treatment accumulated significantly more Ag than other treatments whereas total Zn concentrations in the earthworms were within the range for earthworm Zn regulation for all treatments. This study suggests that current Zn limits set to provide protection against ionic metal forms may not protect soil biota where metals are input to WWTP in the ENM form.