Cellulose Biocomposites-From Bulk Moldings to Nanostructured Systems
Cellulose Biocomposites-From Bulk Moldings to Nanostructured Systems
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DOI：
10.1557/mrs2010.652
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Peijs, Ton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berglund, Lars A.;Peijs, Ton
纤维素生物复合材料作为一种低成本的植物纤维增强工程材料，在工业上得到了广泛的应用。然而，化学和微观结构的不均匀性导致低强度、低失效应变、高湿度敏感性以及气味和变色问题。通过纤维取向控制，增加纤维长度，和生物聚合物的使用改善性能的努力进行了审查。界面强度控制和湿度敏感性仍然是挑战。作为一种有吸引力的替代增强体，通过木浆纤维粉碎获得的高质量的纤维素纳米纤维可以以低成本制备。这些纳米纤维具有高的长度/直径比，直径在5-15 nm范围内，并且具有固有的优越的上级物理性能。木材纤维素纳米纤维作为更昂贵的纳米颗粒如碳纳米管的替代增强物是令人感兴趣的。基于纤维素纤维网络的纳米纸和聚合物基质纳米复合材料显示出高强度、高断裂功、低吸湿性、低热膨胀、高热稳定性、高导热性、优异的阻隔性能和高光学透明度。综述了仿生泡沫材料和低密度气凝胶材料良好的力学性能。纤维素生物复合材料的未来应用将从高容量/低成本端扩展到高科技应用，其中纤维素特性在纳米结构材料中得到充分利用。
Cellulose biocomposites are widely used in industry as a low-cost engineering material with plant fiber reinforcement. However, chemical and microstructural heterogeneity causes low strength, low strain-to-failure, high moisture sensitivity, and odor and discoloration problems. Efforts toward improved performance through fiber orientation control, increased fiber lengths, and biopolymer use are reviewed. Interfacial strength control and moisture sensitivity are remaining challenges. As an attractive alternative reinforcement, high-quality cellulose nanofibers obtained by wood pulp fiber disintegration can be prepared at low cost. These nanofibers have high length/diameter ratios, diameters in the 5-15 nm range, and intrinsically superior physical properties. Wood cellulose nanofibers are interesting as an alternative reinforcement to more expensive nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes. Nanopaper and polymer matrix nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofiber networks show high strength, high work-of-fracture, low moisture adsorption, low thermal expansion, high thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, exceptional barrier properties, and high optical transparency. The favorable mechanical performance of bioinspired foams and low-density aerogels is reviewed. Future applications of cellulose biocomposites will be extended from the high-volume/low-cost end toward high-tech applications, where cellulose properties are fully exploited in nanostructured materials.